General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Observe nutrition; it is clearly the capillary system that distributes
everywhere the materials that it has received by the impulse of the
heart; now the influence of this does not extend to the place where the
nutritive matter is deposited. In fact, its impulse everywhere equal
and uniform, pushes the blood with nearly an equal force to all parts,
with some exceptions in the fœtus. Now nutrition is on the contrary
extremely unequal; at one age, it is one part that takes more increase,
consequently receives more nutritive matter; at another age, it is
another organ. This inequality, is the first and principal phenomenon
of growth.
How can we reconcile with the sole and uniform impulse of the heart
in all parts, inflammation, the production of herpes, of different
eruptions, &c. which appear in some places? Would inflammation exhibit
so many aspects, according to the system it seizes, if the heart alone
presided over its development? All the difference between catarrh,
erysipelas, phlegmon, &c. would disappear; and there would be only what
arose from being nearer, or further from the heart.
Let us cease then to consider this organ as the sole agent which
presides over the motion of the great vessels and the small, which,
in these last, driving the blood abundantly to a part, produces there
inflammation, which by its impulse causes the different cutaneous
eruptions, secretions, exhalations, &c. The whole doctrine of the
mechanicians rested, as we know, upon the great extent which they gave
to the movements of the heart.
There are evidently two kinds of diseases in relation to the
circulation; 1st, those that affect the general; 2d, those that affect
the capillary circulation. Different fevers form especially the first
kind. Different eruptions, tumours, inflammations, &c. produce the
second; now, though many relations connect the second with the first,
it is not essentially dependant upon it; the following is the proof of
this; fevers can evidently only exist in animals with great vessels,
in those in which the fluids move in a mass; they cannot take place
in zoophytes and plants, which have only a capillary circulation;
yet these last classes of animals and all vegetables are subject to
all the affections that disturb the capillary circulation. Thus we
see upon plants many tumours; their wounds unite; two portions even
contract adhesions, as a graft proves. The diseases of their capillary
system are no doubt different from those of animals in their progress
and their nature; but they exhibit always the same general character,
because they are derived from the same properties, organic sensibility
and insensible contractility.
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