General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
I have sought for the cause of this difference, and it has not appeared
difficult to find it, since where injections develop few capillaries,
there is only nutrition going on, as the bones, the muscles, the
cartilages, the fibrous bodies, &c. are a constant proof; on the
contrary, in all those in which many fluids enter, there are, besides
nutrition, other functions, such as exhalation and secretion. Hence why
a serous surface, almost as white as a cartilage in the living body,
becomes ten times darker than it by the same fine injection; why the
skin, compared to the fibrous organs, exhibits the same phenomenon;
why in proportion to the arteries that enter a muscle and a gland, the
latter admits much more injection than the other.
These observations, which are uniform and invariable, prove that the
capillary system is as much more developed in a part, as it has more
functions to sustain. Observe in fine, that it is a kind of depot
in which the fluids remain for a certain time, before serving for
nutrition, exhalation and secretion. Where these three functions are
united, it is necessary that there should be more fluids there, than
where only one of them exists; hence more capillary vessels.
The capillary system is not then in the organs in proportion to their
size; a portion of the pleura contains more vessels than a tendon that
is ten times larger. It is the nutritive substance that fills the place
that these vessels do not occupy.
We might, from what has just been said, divide the systems into two
classes, from the development of their capillaries; place on one side
the serous, the mucous, the glandular, the dermoid, the synovial,
the cellular, &c.; on the other the osseous, the cartilaginous, the
fibrous, the arterial, the venous, the fibro-cartilaginous, &c. The
first class surpasses the second, considerably, in the number of its
small vessels. Observe, also, that inflammation, different eruptions,
all the affections, in which there is, as it is called, an afflux of
humours to a part, are infinitely more frequent in the first than the
second class, because all these affections are essentially seated in
the capillary system, which is more developed in them.
Asphyxia, apoplexy, and all the affections that make the black blood
stagnate in the general capillary system, prove the same thing; in
fact, examine the livid head of one who has died of asphyxia, or of
apoplexy, you will see that it is especially in the skin and the
cellular texture that the blood is arrested; that the muscles, the
aponeuroses, exhibit besides the blood ordinarily found in them, only a
small quantity of superabundant fluid, in comparison with what there is
in the first organs.
_Remarks upon Injections._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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