General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
As to the anatomical state of the absorbents in the fœtus and
childhood, we can know but little; I do not know that any author has
injected them comparatively in this age and in the adult. I have but
one fact upon this point, it is that the lacteals, examined in an
experiment upon two young dogs, who had only left off sucking eight
days, appeared to me larger in proportion than at a more advanced age.
I will make one remark that has often struck me; it is that the size
of the animal has much less influence than would be thought upon the
diameter of these vessels. For example, an adult dog, twice as large
as another, has not by a great deal, vessels of double size. Accident
led me to examine them the same day, three years since, upon two large
grey-hounds, that were among the dogs brought to me, and upon one of
those vulgarly called cur dogs; they were nearly equal in all three;
this struck me.
We know but little of the different revolutions that absorption
undergoes in the ages that succeed infancy. Only there is no doubt that
puberty is the limit of this kind of predominance which the lymphatic
glands enjoyed in the economy. The age of their diseases is then
passed; often even these diseases, heretofore beyond the reach of art,
are spontaneously cured. The predominance of the genital organs which
succeeds to this and some others, those of the sensitive-organs, &c.
seems to destroy the germ which this first supported.
Soemmering has described in a particular work the part that the
absorbents perform in the different diseases of the adult and the other
ages. This part has appeared to me to be often very difficult to be
known, notwithstanding what he has said of it. I refer however to his
work on this point.
In old age, nutritive absorption continues very active; for it is that
which decomposes the body, which takes from it the substances that
nourish it, and which consequently withers and dries the organs.
The external absorptions, on the contrary, are feeble; the skin takes
with great difficulty the different contagions, as I shall say in
treating of this organ; the mucous surfaces absorb slowly; but little
chyle passes into the blood in proportion to what enters it in the
adult. The two absorptions, the nutritive and the external, are exactly
reversed at the two extreme ages of life; the second is superior to
the first in infancy, the first predominates in old age.
As to the internal absorptions, as those of synovia, of the serous
surfaces, of the cellular texture, &c. I should think that they
predominated in old age, and that to this was to be attributed the
numerous serous effusions which happen at that age, and which we
observe in dead bodies. We have not however upon this point so good
data as upon the other two.
V. _Preternatural Absorption._
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