General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
1st. On the sole of the foot and the palm of the hand, we observe an
infinite number of white fibres, shining like aponeurotic fibres,
which are detached from this internal surface, form upon it a kind of
new layer, cross each other in all directions, leave between them,
especially towards the heel many spaces of different sizes, that are
filled with fat, separate more and more, and are finally lost in the
sub-cutaneous texture, nearly as the fibres of the brachial aponeurosis
insensibly disappear in the neighbouring cellular texture. Hence why
when we dissect the palmar and plantar integuments, we experience the
greatest difficulty in separating them entirely from the cellular
texture which is interlaced with these fibres; hence why also these
surfaces have not, on the parts which they cover, the mobility which
many others exhibit.
The density of the cellular texture contributes also something to this
arrangement which is essential to the functions of the foot and the
hand, which are designed to seize and grasp external bodies.
2d. The dermis of the superior and inferior extremities of the
back, of the neck, of the thorax, of the abdomen, of the face even
and consequently of almost all the body, is distinguished from the
preceding, because the fibres are much less distinct, and are not
lost in the cellular texture by being as it were confounded with it,
whence arises a remarkable laxity of the skin of these parts, and the
very great facility with which it is dissected; in a word because the
spaces between these fibres are much more narrow. These spaces appear
like an infinite number of holes irregularly placed at the side of each
other, containing most of them small fatty parcels of the neighbouring
texture, and exhibiting, when these small parcels have been carefully
removed, very evident vacuities. The fibres which form them, are
sufficiently near each other, to make you believe at first view, that
it is a surface pierced with an infinite number of holes, that has
been applied under the skin. On the contrary, on the hand and the
foot, towards the heel especially, it is a true net-work the spaces of
which are larger than the fibres that form them; this is the reverse
here. Be that as it may, these spaces in the internal surface of the
chorion are very favourable to the action of tannin which penetrates
the texture infinitely better from this side than from the opposite,
because it insinuates itself into these numerous openings. I have had
occasion to observe it in the human chorion which I have had tanned
for the purpose. Chaptal has observed that the epidermis is a real
obstacle to the action of tannin, and that on this account scraping
is a preliminary operation essential to tanning, since it allows the
skin to be penetrated on both sides; but even when thus scraped, it
receives the tannin much more easily on the side of the flesh than on
the opposite one.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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