General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Their distribution is nearly the same as that of the blood vessels.
Many very considerable branches, as different divisions of the
musculo-cutaneous, the internal cutaneous, the lumbar, the saphena,
the anterior tibial, the intercostals, the cervicals, &c. form a kind
of sub-cutaneous nervous system, from which go all the branches that
enter the dermis. These branches, in passing through the dermoid spaces
with the arteries and the veins, appear to anastomose often together,
go through the pores which terminate the spaces on the interior, and no
doubt form the papillæ. Observe even that on the hand where the papillæ
are very evident, there are, in proportion to the surface, many more
sub-cutaneous nerves than any where else.
_Absorbents._
Many absorbents creep under the skin; it is here that they can be
the most easily studied. All the veins are surrounded with them;
various fasciculi are observed in their interstices; so that a layer
of absorbents, arranged in the form of a continuous layer, seems to
separate, in the extremities, the aponeurosis and the skin. There is
no doubt that the origin of the most of these vessels exists in the
chorion, that they carry to the blood the fat and the cellular lymph
of its spaces, and the nutritive matter of its fibres. But is there a
particular order of branches opening upon the surface of the epidermis
to absorb in certain cases foreign substances? This question cannot be
answered by anatomical inspection. But the following considerations
appear to me to throw great light upon it.
1st. The sub-cutaneous absorbents, visible by injections, are too
numerous in proportion for the mere purpose of carrying back the fat
and serum of the neighbouring parts.
2d. There are many medicines which appear to be evidently absorbed;
such are mercury in the venereal disease, various purgative and
emetic substances, febrifuges even, as cinchona, which, when applied
by friction, have produced their effects as well as if taken by the
stomach; cantharides often act upon the kidneys, when the tincture is
used as a liniment, narcotic substances sometimes occasion a weight in
the head and drowsiness when they have been externally applied, &c.
These different effects are well known and many authors have given
examples of them.
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