General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
We see by this table that the absorbents when charged with injurious
substances, sometimes do not transmit them beyond the part and
sometimes carry them to the blood, which conveys them to the different
organs of the economy. Some authors have thought that in those cases
in which the effects of the absorption become general, there is rather
nervous action and sympathetic phenomena, than the transmission of
an injurious matter into the circulation, and that consequently the
solids take almost an exclusive part in these diseases. But to remove
all doubt upon this point it is sufficient to observe, 1st, that, in
the absorption of many contagious substances, for example, when from
the puncture of the finger with a scalpel impregnated with putrid
substances, a pain is produced, there is even a redness along the whole
course of the absorbents of the arm, and the axillary glands afterwards
swell; 2d, that by transfusing into the veins most of the substances
that are applied in frictions, effects analogous to those which take
place in these frictions are produced. Thus purgatives and emetics,
transfused or absorbed, act upon the intestines and stomach the same
as if introduced in any other way. It seems to me that sufficient use
has not been made of the experiments of the last age upon transfusions.
By comparing their effect with that which takes place upon the
cutaneous organ, I think that it is impossible not to admit a morbific
principle in the blood, at the time of contagious diseases.
3d. After the use of mercury taken in frictions, the emanations of this
metal from the animal fluids, act evidently upon silver when placed in
the mouth, the rectum, &c. I am persuaded even that the blood which
in the natural state exerts but very little action upon this metal,
would alter it then. Accoucheurs know that the waters of the amnios of
those women who have made use of mercurial frictions exhibit the same
phenomenon.
4th. Many substances that are not medicinal can be transmitted to the
blood by cutaneous absorption. Water appears to enter it in this way,
in the rapid production of certain dropsies, in those cases related of
travellers, who wanting fresh water on the ocean, have in part quenched
their thirst by surrounding themselves with damp clothes, &c. When our
garments are impregnated with the oil of turpentine, the urine soon
acquires an odour that is owing to the principles transmitted to the
blood by absorption. Many judicious philosophers have asserted that the
weight of the body has been increased by a walk in the morning.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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