Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of WyomingWhite, John A.
Science
Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming
White, John A.
Chipmunks
The purpose of the following account is to: (1) Show what kinds of
chipmunks occur in Wyoming; (2) point out the interrelationships
between these kinds; and (3) account, where possible, for the present
distribution of these animals in Wyoming.
METHODS, MATERIALS, AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway,
"Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912.
The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were
made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest
length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of
nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of
mandible, and inner mandibular length.
Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length
of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured
the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors
measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter
rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable.
Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and
hindfoot in this report.
When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant
to show that there is a significant statistical difference between
two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one
locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation,
standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were
calculated.
Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens
is discussed on page 587 of this paper.
The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not
described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along
with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens
examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is
listed.
In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first
usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now
employed, and third, pure synonyms.
A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the
course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less
carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in
Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise
specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of
Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing
specimens studied are as follows:
BS--United States Biological Surveys Collection.
FC--Collection of James S. Findley.
MM--Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
NM--United States National Museum.
KU--Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas.
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