a small town or village, sometimes corrupted to Poly, Pilly, or Pally; _e.g._ Trichinopoly, _i.e._ _Trisira-palli_ (the town of the giant). [Sidenote: PALUS (Lat.), PADULE (It.),] a marsh; _e.g._ Padula and Paduli, towns in Italy; Peel, Lat. _palus_, an extensive marsh in Belgium; La Pala, La Palud, and Paluz, in France; Perugia (the town on the marsh), in a province of the same name in Italy; Pelusium, Coptic _Permoun_ (the muddy or marshy place), on the Delta of the Nile. [Sidenote: PANT (Welsh),] a hollow; _e.g._ Pant-y-crwys (the hollow of the cross), in Wales; Pant-yr-Ysgraff for _Pont-yr-Ysgraff_--_v._ PONT. [Sidenote: PAPA, or PABBA (Scand.), PFAFFE (Ger.), POP (Sclav.),] a priest; _e.g._ Pabba (the priest’s island), several of this name in the Hebrides; Papa-Stour (the great island of the priest), in Shetland; Papa-Stronsay (the priest’s island near Stronsay), Orkney; Pappenheim, Pfaffenhausen, Pfaffenberg, Pfaffenhofen (the priest’s dwelling), in Germany; Papendrecht (the priest’s pasture); Pfarrkirchen (the priest’s or parish church); Poppowitz, Poppow, Sclav. (places belonging to the priests). [Sidenote: PARA (Brazilian),] a river, water, or the sea; _e.g._ Para, Parahiba, Parana, Paranymbuna, rivers in Brazil; Paraguay (the place of waters); Parana-Assu (the great river); Parana-Mirim (the small river); Parahyba (bad water). [Sidenote: PARA (Sclav.),] a swamp or marsh, cognate with the Lat. _palus_; _e.g._ Parchen, Parchau, Parchim (places in a marshy locality); Partwitz or Parzow, Paaren (the town on the marsh), in several localities. The letter _p_ is sometimes changed into _b_ as in Barduz, Barzig, Baruth, in Prussia, and Bars or Barsch, in Hungary. [Sidenote: PATAM, or PATTANA (Sansc.),] a city; _e.g._ Nagapatam (the city of the snake); Masulipatam (of fishes); Periapatam (the chosen city); Viziapatam (the city of victory); Seringapatam, _i.e._ _Sri-ranja-Pattana_ (the city of Vishnu); Pata or Pattana (the city); Madras or _Madras-patan_ (the city of the college or school; _madrasa_, Ar., a university). Madras is called by the natives _Chenna-patana_ (the city of Chenappa, an Indian prince). [Sidenote: PEEL (Cel. _pile_),] a small fortress; _e.g._ Peel, in the Isle of Man, and numerous Peel towers on the border between England and Scotland. The Pile of Foudrig (the peel or tower of the fire island), called Furness, the site of an ancient lighthouse; Les Pilles, in Dauphiny; Ile du Pilier, in La Vendée, with a lighthouse; _Pillas_, in the Lithuanian language also, is a castle, thus--Pillkallan (the castle on the hill), in E. Prussia, as well as the towns of Pillau, in E. Prussia, Pilsen, in Bohemia, and Pillnitz (the towns with fortifications). [Sidenote: PEN (Cym.-Cel.),]