a district or enclosure, from Old Ger. _pyndan_ (to confine), cognate with Cym.-Cel. _pant_; _e.g._ Brabant, _i.e._ _Brach-bant_ (the ploughed district); Altenbanz (the old); Ostrevant (the eastern); Grunnenbant (the green district); Hasel-point (hazel field); Pound-stock (the enclosed place), in Germany; Drenthe, corrupt. from _Thri-banta_ (the three districts), in Holland; Bantz, in Bavaria. From _pant_ we have in Monmouth, Panteg (beautiful valley, _têg_); Pant-y-goitre (the valley of the town in the wood). [Sidenote: BANYA (Hung.),] a mine; _e.g._ Uj-banya (new mine); Nagy-banya (great mine), a town of Hungary with gold and silver mines, named by the Germans _Neustadt_; Abrud-banya (the mine on the R. Abrud, a district abounding in metals). [Sidenote: BARR (Gadhelic), BAR (Cym.-Cel.), BARD (Scand.),] a summit; _e.g._ Barmona (the summit or top of the bog); Barra-vore (great height, _mor_); Barmeen (smooth summit), in Ireland. In several counties in Scotland we have Barr (the uplands), but Barr in Ayrshire took its name from St. Barr; Barbreac (spotted point); Barrie and Barra (the head of the water, _abh_); Barcaldine (hazel point, _calltunn_); Barbeth (birch point); Barrglass (gray point); Bar-darroch (the summit of the oak grove); Bardearg (red point); Barcaple (the horses’ point); the Bard of Mousa and of Bressay, in the Shetlands, is the projection on these islands; the ancient name of the town of Perth was _Barr-Tatha_ (the height of the R. Tay); Barwyn for Bar-gwn (a white-topped mountain, or tipped with snow), in Wales. In France the prefix _bar_ is applied to strongholds, as in Bar-le-Duc (the duke’s citadel); Bar-sur Saone, Bar-sur Aube (the stronghold on the rivers Saone and Aube). [Sidenote: BARROW (Scand.), BEORH (A.S.),] a mound of earth, especially over a grave; _e.g._ Barrow-by (the dwelling at the mound); Ingle-barrow (the mound at the grave of Ingold). But, in some cases, barrow may be a form of A.S. _boerw_ (a grove), as in Barrow-den (the grove hollow), in Rutland. [Sidenote: BAU (Ger.), GEBAUDE, BAÜEN, to build,] a building; _e.g._ Brun-bau (the well-house); Neu-bau and Alten-bau (the old and new building); Buittle (the building), a parish on the Solway Firth; Tichel-boo (brick building); Forst-gebaude (the building in the forest). It takes the form of bottle and buttel in Germany, and battle in Britain--_v._ p. 27; Newbattle (new building in Mid Lothian); Wulfen-buttel (the dwelling of Ulpha); Bolton, in Lancashire, anc. _Botl_. [Sidenote: BAUM (Ger.) BEAM (A.S.), BOOM (Dut.),] a tree, a post; _e.g._ Baumburg (tree town); Baumgarten (the orchard); Baumgartenthal (orchard valley); Baum-krüg (the tree inn); Schöenbaum (beautiful tree); Heesbaum (the hazel-tree), in Germany; Bampton and Bempton (tree town), in Oxford and Yorkshire; but Bampton in Devon takes its name from the R. Bathom--its ancient name was _Bathom-ton_. [Sidenote: BEDD (Welsh),]