Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of ArchimedesArchimedes
History
Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes
Archimedes
Geometry -- Early works to 1800
$\mu$ = $\theta\alpha : \alpha\phi = \gamma\alpha : \alpha\phi$. But
cylinder $\mu\nu$ = cone $\epsilon\alpha\zeta$; hence by subtraction,
cylinder $\mu$ : cylinder $\nu$ = $\alpha\phi : \gamma\phi$. And
cylinder $\mu\nu$ = cone $\epsilon\alpha\zeta$; hence cone
$\epsilon\alpha\zeta$ : cylinder $\nu$ = $\gamma\alpha : \gamma\phi =
\theta\alpha : \gamma\phi$. But it was also demonstrated that segment
$\beta\alpha\delta$ : cone $\epsilon\alpha\zeta$ = $\gamma\phi :
\chi\alpha$; hence {\selectlanguage{greek}di' \~isou} segment
$\beta\alpha\delta$ : cylinder $\nu$ = $\zeta\alpha : \alpha\chi$.
And it was demonstrated that segment $\beta\alpha\delta$ is in
equilibrium at $\alpha$ with the cylinder $\nu$ and $\theta$ is the
center of gravity of the cylinder $\nu$, consequently the point $\chi$
is also the center of gravity of the segment $\beta\alpha\delta$.
\section*{Proposition IX}
In a similar way it can also be perceived that the center of gravity
of any segment of an ellipsoid lies on the straight line which is the
axis of the segment so divided that the portion at the vertex of the
segment bears the same ratio to the remaining portion as the axis of
the segment + 4 times the axis of the opposite segment bears to the
axis of the segment + twice the axis of the opposite segment.
\section*{Proposition X}
It can also be seen by this method that [a segment of a hyperboloid]
bears the same ratio to a cone having the same base and axis as the
segment, that the axis of the segment + 3 times the addition to the
axis bears to the axis of the segment of the hyperboloid + twice its
addition [\emph{De Conoid.} 25]; and that the center of gravity of the
hyperboloid so divides the axis that the part at the vertex bears the
same ratio to the rest that three times the axis + eight times the
addition to the axis bears to the axis of the hyperboloid + 4 times
the addition to the axis, and many other points which I will leave
aside since the method has been made clear by the examples already
given and only the demonstrations of the above given theorems remain
to be stated.
\section*{Proposition XI}
When in a perpendicular prism with square bases a cylinder is
inscribed whose bases lie in opposite squares and whose curved surface
touches the four other parallelograms, and when a plane is passed
through the center of the circle which is the base of the cylinder and
one side of the opposite square, then the body which is cut off by
this plane [from the cylinder] will be $\frac{1}{6}$ of the entire
prism. This can be perceived through the present method and when it is
so warranted we will pass over to the geometrical proof of it.
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{minipage}[5]{0.45\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig09.png}
\begin{center}
{\small Fig.~9.}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[5]{0.45\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig10.png}
\begin{center}
{\small Fig.~10.}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
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