German War Practices, Part 1: Treatment of Civilians
History
German War Practices, Part 1: Treatment of Civilians
World War, 1914-1918 -- Atrocities
These stories of atrocities in China or "Letters of the Huns" continued
to be published in the _Vorwärts_ for several years and appeared
intermittently in the debates of the Reichstag as late as 1906. At that
time the socialist, Herr Kunert, reviewing the procedure in a trial
of which he had been the victim in the previous summer, stated that
he had offered to prove "that German soldiers in China had engaged in
wanton and brutal ravaging; that plunder, pillage, extortion, robbery,
as well as rape and sexual abuses of the worst kind, had occured on a
very large scale and that German soldiers had participated in them."
He had not been given an opportunity to prove his allegations, but had
been sentenced to prison for three months for assailing the honor of
the "whole German Army." The outrageousness of this sentence was made
clear by the revelations, made in the Reichstag shortly afterwards, of
similar atrocities committed by German officials and soldiers in Africa
in the campaign against the Hereros.
The teachings of Treitschke and Nietzsche and their evil influence
upon the present generation in Germany are well known. The minds of
the responsible officials were filled with ideas wholly different from
those to which Germany had agreed at The Hague. The cult of might, and
of war as its expression, found many disciples who flooded the press
with pamphlets and panegyrics on war and its place in the natural and
political development of a nation. Before the war the average number of
volumes concerning war published each year in Germany was 700, and the
vast majority of those written by the German Army officers advocated
the ruthless policy of von Clausewitz, von Hartmann, and von Moltke.
These ideas, which have come to control the minds of the military
class, are best shown in the _German War Book_ (_Kriegsbrauch im
Landkriege_), published in 1902. The tone of this authoritative book
may be judged from the following extracts:
[Sidenote: Teachings of the German War Book.]
"But since the tendency of thought in the last century was dominated
essentially by humanitarian considerations which not infrequently
degenerated into sentimentality and flabby emotion (_Sentimentalität
und weichlicher Gefühlschwärmerei_), there have not been wanting
attempts to influence the development of the usages of war in a way
which was in fundamental contradiction with the nature of war and its
object. Attempts of this kind will also not be wanting in the future,
the more so as these agitations have found a kind of moral recognition
in some provisions of the Geneva Convention and the Brussels and Hague
Conferences."
"By steeping himself in military history an officer will be able to
guard himself against excessive humanitarian notions; it will teach
him that certain severities are indispensable to war, nay more, that
the only true humanity very often lies in a ruthless application of
them."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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