Give Me Liberty: The Struggle for Self-Government in VirginiaWertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson
History
Give Me Liberty: The Struggle for Self-Government in Virginia
Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson
Virginia -- Politics and government -- To 1775
The members of the Council were invariably selected from the wealthiest
men in the colony. In their own counties they were respected and feared.
To insult a Byrd, or a Custis, or a Carter would land one in jail. But
if we may believe Governor Nicholson, the poor man would not cringe
before them. "The ordinary sort of planters that have land of their own,
though not much, look upon themselves to be as good as the best of
them, for they know, at least have heard, from whence these mighty dons
derive their originals." They know that they or their "ancestors were
their equals if not their superiors, and that their getting such estates
and places of honor was more by accident than any extraordinary honesty
or ability in them."[17]
The Council reached the height of its power during the first thirty or
thirty-five years after the Glorious Revolution. Then it was that they
defied the Governors, and in three cases were largely responsible for
their removal. Nicholson complained that they "set up to have the power
and interest of turning out and putting in Governors, and affect the
title that the great Earl of Warwick had." Quary said they "had vanity
enough to think themselves almost upon equal terms with the House of
Lords." "They have by degrees endeavored to lessen the prerogative and
render the Governor little better than a cypher, and in truth they have
in effect gained their point."[18]
The Burgesses were the representatives of the people. They were expected
by all, wealthy landholders and owners of but a few acres, carpenters,
coopers, clergymen, to uphold the liberties of all against the assaults
of the King or the Governor. The poor turned to them for protection
against the rich. Any attempt by the Governor to rule despotically or
illegally was sure to arouse their stubborn resistance. They were in
effect the House of Commons of Virginia, claimed the same privileges,
and observed the same form in their proceedings. Since each county
normally sent two Burgesses to the Assembly, the House grew in numbers
as new counties were organized.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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