My thanks are also due to the following firms: Messrs. Melin & Co., Crutched Friars; The Hermansen Engineering Co., Birmingham; The Glass Engineering Co., Edinburgh; and Banks & Co., Edinburgh, who have kindly supplied me with illustrations. PERCIVAL MARSON. CRAIGENTINNY, EDINBURGH. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS ------- CHAP. PAGE PREFACE V I. HISTORY 1 II. THE CHEMISTRY OF GLASS-MAKING AND THE 4 MATERIALS USED III. THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 15 GLASS IV. THE COMPOSITION OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS 24 OF GLASS V. COLOURED GLASS AND ARTIFICIAL GEMS 28 VI. DECOLORIZERS 32 VII. THE REFRACTORY MATERIALS USED 36 VIII. GLASS HOUSE FURNACES 43 IX. GLASS-MELTING POTS AND THEIR MANUFACTURE 59 X. LEHRS AND ANNEALING 71 XI. THE MANIPULATION OF GLASS—GLASSMAKERS’ 76 TOOLS AND MACHINES XII. CROWN, SHEET, AND PLATE GLASS 89 XIII. TUBE, CANE, AND CHEMICAL GLASSWARE 96 XIV. OPTICAL GLASS 104 XV. DECORATIVE GLASSWARE 108 XVI. ENGLISH AND FOREIGN METHODS OF GLASS 118 MANUFACTURE COMPARED APPENDIX 123 INDEX 125 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ------- PAGE AN OLD ENGLISH GLASS HOUSE, A.D. 1790 _Frontispiece_ HORIZONTAL CRACKING-OFF MACHINE 1 INTERIOR VIEW OF AN ENGLISH 44 GLASS-MELTING FURNACE EXTERIOR VIEW OF AN ENGLISH 46 GLASS-MELTING FURNACE SIEMENS SIEGBERT REGENERATIVE GLASS-MELTING FURNACE— FIG. A. CROSS SECTION 48 FIG. B. SECTIONAL PLAN 49 Fig. C. SECTIONAL ELEVATION 50 A MODERN GLASS HOUSE. HERMANSEN’S 52 CONTINUOUS RECUPERATIVE GLASS-MELTING FURNACE, COVERED POT TYPE