The actual tanks or basins which contain the molten glass in tank
furnaces are also built of large blocks of fire-clay, but these are
made of the best procurable materials, and should receive at least as
much care in every respect as crucibles; it is true that their shape
and size gives them greater strength, but on the other hand these
blocks are expected to resist the contact of molten glass for very
much longer periods of time than the average crucible. To understand
the requirements for tank-blocks it is necessary to anticipate the
next section to the extent of stating that in tank furnaces the glass
is contained, during melting, refining and working, in a basin built
up of large blocks. These blocks are not cemented together in any way,
but are built up “dry” and are supported on the outside by a system of
iron bars and rods. The molten glass penetrates between the blocks to a
certain extent, but as the outside of all such blocks is intentionally
kept as cold as possible the glass rapidly stiffens as it penetrates
further into these interstices, and this stiffened glass effectually
binds the blocks together and prevents all leakage. It will thus be
seen that the blocks are exposed to the full heat of the furnace and
to the corroding action of the glass on the inner side, but are kept
cold on the outer side. As this state of affairs tends to produce
cracks, these blocks are necessarily made of rather coarse material.
On the other hand, the material of a block never gets so hot as the
wall of a crucible, which is heated from both sides, so that extreme
refractoriness is not so essential.
It is impossible, within the limits of this chapter, to go into the
details of the choice of materials for tank-blocks; it is a subject
upon which no finally satisfactory conclusion has yet been reached,
and what has been said above will suffice to show the nature of the
considerations upon which such choice must be based.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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