Goethe's literary essays : $b A selection in EnglishGoethe, Johann Wolfgang von
History
Goethe's literary essays : $b A selection in English
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Art; Literature -- History and criticism
But man finds, usually, such a mode of proceeding too timid and
inadequate. He perceives a harmony among many objects, which can only
be brought into a picture by sacrificing the individual. He gets tired
of using Nature’s letters each time to spell after her. He invents
a way, devises a language for himself, so as to express in his own
fashion the idea his soul has attained, and give to the object he has
so many times repeated a distinctive form, without having recourse
to nature itself each time he repeats it, or even without recalling
exactly the individual form.
Thus a language is created, in which the mind of the speaker expresses
and utters itself immediately; and as in each individual who thinks,
the conceptions of spiritual objects are formed and arranged
differently, so will every artist of this class see, understand,
and imitate the outward world in a different manner, will seize its
phenomena with a more or less observant eye, and reproduce them more
accurately or loosely.
We see that this species of imitation is applied with the best effect
in cases where a great whole comprehends many subordinate objects.
These last must be sacrificed in order to attain the general expression
of the whole, as is the case in landscapes, for instance, where the aim
would be missed if we attended too closely to the details, instead of
keeping in view the idea of the whole.
_Style_
When at last art, by means of imitation of Nature, of efforts to
create a common language, and of clear and profound study of objects
themselves, has acquired a clearer and clearer knowledge of the
peculiarities of objects and their mode of being, oversees the classes
of forms, and knows how to connect and imitate those that are distinct
and characteristic,--then will _Style_ reach the highest point it is
capable of, the point where it may be placed on a par with the highest
efforts of the human mind.
Simple Imitation springs from quiet existence and an agreeable subject;
Manner seizes with facile capacity upon an appearance; Style rests upon
the deepest foundations of knowledge, upon the essence of things, so
far as we are able to recognize it in visible and comprehensible forms.
* * * * *
The elaboration of what we have advanced above would fill whole
volumes; and much is said upon the subject in books, but a true
conception of it can only be arrived at by the study of nature and
works of art. We subjoin some additional considerations, and shall have
occasion to refer to these remarks whenever plastic art is in question.
It is easy to see that these three several ways of producing works of
art are closely related, and that one may imperceptibly run into the
others.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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