Japanese-Chinese conflict, 34, 69ff., 74, 122ff., 154, 188ff. "Japanese Monroe Doctrine," 70 Joffe, Adolf (Soviet agent in China), 51ff., 161ff. K K'ang Yu-wei, 1856-1928 (monarchical reformer), 140 Kuang Hsü, Emperor, 1871-1908 (modernist and reformer), 95, 140ff. Kublai Khan, 1214-1294 (emperor, Yüan dynasty), 88 K'ung, H. H. [K'ung Hsiang-hsi], 1881- (industrial and financial administrator; Kuomintang leader), 60 Kuomintang, 31ff., 38ff., 50ff., 57ff., 72ff., 161ff., 167ff. L Lao Tz[)u], traditionally 6th century B.C. (founder of Taoism, mystical philosophy antistate in effect), 24, 128 Li Hung-chang, 1822-1901 (Ch'ing viceroy), 92, 142 Li Yüan-hung (military opportunist; once President), 146, 155 Linebarger, Judge Paul (adviser to Sun Yat-sen), 161 Local government (_see_ Hsien) M Manchoukuo, 28, 72, 185ff. Manchu (Ch'ing) dynasty, 1644-1911, 32, 86ff., 135ff. Mandarins (_see_ Scholastic bureaucracy) Marxism (_see_ Communism) Mêngkokuo, 185 Militarism (_see_ Armies; _Tuchünism_) _Min shêng_ (_see_ San Min Chu I) Ming dynasty, A.D. 1368-1643, 17, 85 Missionaries (_see_ Christianity) Mohammedanism (_see_ Islam) Municipal government, 181 N Nanking government (_see_ National Government of China; "Reformed Government") National Government of China (Nanking, 1927-1937; inland thereafter), 114, 164, 167ff. Nationalism (_see_ San Min Chu I) Nationalist-Communist coalition 1923-1927, 54ff., 161ff. Nationalist Government at Nanking (_see_ National Government of China) "Nationalist Government" of Peking, 1930-1931 (rebellious coalition of Northern tuchüns and Left Kuomintang; suppressed), 59, 107 Nationalist Government, soviet in form (Canton, 1925-1926; Wu-han, 1926-1927), 162ff. Nationalists (_see_ Kuomintang) New Life movement, 61 O Opportunist movements, 44ff. Outer Mongol People's Republic, 185ff. Overseas Chinese, 35ff. P Pan-Asianism, 47, 70ff. Pan-Mongolism, 47 Parliamentary Republic at Peking, 1912-1928, 114ff., 149ff., 157ff. Party Congress, Kuomintang, 170ff. Political doctrines, Sun Yat-sen's, 41ff. Pro-Japanese movements, 47 Propaganda, 23ff. Provincial government, 134, 177ff. "Provisional Government" at Peking, 1937- , 186 Provisional Government of the United Provinces of China, Nanking, 1911-1912, 146 R Red Army, Chinese, 107, 182ff. Reform Movement, Manchu, 140ff. "Reformed Government" at Nanking, 1938- , 186 Republicans (_see_ Kuomintang) Revolution, doctrine of, 59, 162; of 1911-1912 [the Republican Revolution], 38, 97ff., 145ff.; of 1926-1927 [the Great Revolution], 55, 105ff., 168 Revolutionists (_see_ Kuomintang) S Salt Revenue Administration, 159ff. San Min Chu I (the philosophy of Sun Yat-sen, since 1927 the official state dogma of China), 36, 41ff., 59ff., 72ff., 120, 167ff.