It suggests what is now the next matter I wish to touch on--the
comparison of the Mediterranean religions in respect of their
anthropomorphism. Philosophically, the term might be censured as
failing to distinguish any special type of religion; for we should all
admit that man can only envisage the unseen world in forms
intelligible to his own mind and reflecting his own mental structure.
But, apart from this truism, we find that religions differ essentially
and vitally according as this anthropomorphism is vague and indefinite
or sharply defined and dominating; according as they picture the
divinity as the exact though idealised counterpart of man, and
construct the divine society purely on the lines of the human, or
refrain from doing this either through weakness and obscurity of
imagination or in deference to a different and perhaps more elevated
law of the religious intellect. Now, of the Hellenic religion no
feature is salient as its anthropomorphism, and throughout its whole
development and career the anthropomorphic principle has been more
dominating and imperious than it has ever been found to be in other
religions.[11.1] At what remote period in the evolution of the
Hellenic mind this principle began in force, what were the influences
that fostered and strengthened it, in what various ways it shaped the
religious history of the Hellenic people, are questions that I may be
able to treat more in detail in the future. {12} But there are two
important phenomena that I will indicate now, which we must associate
with it, and which afford us an illuminating point of view from which
we may contrast the Greek world and the Oriental. In the first place,
the anthropomorphic principle, combining with an artistic faculty the
highest that the world has known, produced in Greece a unique form of
idolatry; and, in the second place, in consequence chiefly of this
idolatry, the purely Hellenic religion remained almost incapable of
that which we call mysticism.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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