[91.3] The type with many breasts might have been suggested by Babylonian symbolism, for the Goddess of Nineveh is spoken of as four-breasted (_vide_ Jeremias in Roscher’s _Lexikon_, vol. ii., _s.v._ “Nebo”), but Dr. Hogarth’s excavations have shown that this form of the Ephesian idol is late. [92.1] _Hell. Journ._, 1901, p. 168. [93.1] _Vide op. cit._, p. 108, fig. 4, and p. 175, fig. 51. [93.2] _Cults_, vol. i. pp. 36-38; vol. iii. pp. 294-296. [93.3] Cf. those cited in note 1 above, and the shield-bearing figure painted on the tomb of Milato in Crete (_ib._ p. 174). [94.1] _Mutter Erde_, 1905. [94.2] _Vide_ my _Cults_, v. pp. 345-365. [95.1] The Celtic question is more difficult: Prof. Rhys in his excellent paper on Celtic religion, read as a Presidential address at the Congress of the History of Religions, 1908 (_Transactions_, ii. pp. 201-225), gives the impression that the goddess was more in evidence than the god in old Irish mythology, and doubts whether to attribute this to the non-Indogermanic strain in the population; he notices also certain “matriarchal” phenomena in the religion; cf. _ib._, p. 242. [95.2] Herod., 1, 94; 4, 45 (note here the Thracian associations of Manes). [96.1] The Romanised-Celtic cult of a vague group of “Sanctae Virgines,” attested by an inscription found near Lyons (Rhys, _Hibbert Lectures_, p. 102), counts very little against this induction. [96.2] The warlike character of these Virgin Goddesses, Athena, Ishtar, might be explained on a sociologic hypothesis that would also account for Amazonism; in modern Albania the girl who refuses marriage is allowed to wear man’s dress and to bear arms, vide _Journ. Anthrop. Inst._, 1910, p. 460. [96.3] But in a recent paper (_Athenische Mittheilungen_, 1911, p. 27) Frickenhaus and Müller give reasons for dating the earliest Heraeum to the eighth century. At any rate, the goddess-cult in this locality was vastly older. CHAPTER VI NOTES [100.1] _Bab. Hym. u. Gebet._, p. 11. [100.2] Jastrow, _op. cit._, p. 230. [100.3] In Roscher’s _Lexikon_, ii. 2371; cf. _ib._, 2367. [101.1] Roscher, _Lexikon_, iii. p. 364. [101.2] Jeremias, _op. cit._, iii. p. 250. [101.3] Langdon, _Sum. Babyl. Psalms_, p. 83. [101.4] Roscher, _Lexikon_, p. 252. [102.1] Jastrow, _op. cit._, p. 484. [102.2] Roscher, _Lexikon_, iii., _s.v._ “Nebo.” [102.3] As Jeremias supposes, Roscher, _op. cit._, iii. p. 60. [102.4] _Vide_ Tiele, _Histoire des anc. relig._, p. 242. [103.1] _Vide_ Winckler, _Himmels und Weltenbild der Babylonier_, pp. 10-11. Jeremias, Roscher, _Lexikon_, iii. p. 58. But Jastrow, _op. cit._, p. 84, seems to believe in the planetary origin of Ishtar, and would explain her character as the planet Venus. [103.2] Winckler, _ib._, p. 11. [103.3] Roscher, _Lexikon_, iii. pp. 66-67. [104.1] Langdon, _Hymn_ xiii. p. 199. [104.2] _Ib._, p. 221. [104.3] _Ib._, p. 277. [104.4] _Ib._, p. 223. [104.5] Jastrow, _op. cit._, p. 55.