Only, we discern signs in Canaan as in Mesopotamia, that the
anthropomorphism is, as I have called it, unstable; for not only can
the divinity be imagined as embodied in other forms than the human,
but the demarcations of individuality tend at certain points to fall
away: the most curious instance of this is that the female divinity
seems at times to have been almost absorbed in the god. We must,
however, distinguish here between what is real belief and what is mere
theologic phrasing. In a hymn of praise to Ishtar, composed for the
King Ashurbanapal, the equality of the goddess with the great Assyrian
god Asshur is quaintly expressed by the phrase, “like Ashur, she wears
a beard”; but Jastrow[58.2] protests against the inference that the
goddess was therefore really regarded as male in the Mesopotamian
religion. And indeed this is probably only a fantastic expression of
the idea that Ishtar is the compeer in power of the god, and has much
of the masculine temperament. Even in the full vogue of an
anthropomorphic religion which insists on the distinctions of sex, a
mystical religious thinker could rise to the idea that the divinity
might assume the powers {59} of both natures, an idea of which we find
a glimpse in the later Greek and Greek-Egyptian theosophy. Thus a
Sumerian hymn to Enlil characterises him as “Lord of winds, father and
mother who creates himself”;[59.1] and a well-known hymn to Sin
speaks of him as “Maternal Body that brings everything to birth,” and
in the next line as “Compassionate, gracious father.”[59.2]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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