2. The council of the 500 and the committees of magistrates, 51. _a._ The ten prytanies, 52. _b._ Election by lot; annual tenure of office; rotation, 52, 53, 55. 3. The ecclesia an assembly of high-class amateurs, 57. _a._ Its use of experts, 58. _b._ Its choice of a leader: ostracism, 60. 4. The economic basis of democracy, 61. _a._ The place of slavery: simply a form of capital, 61. _b._ The object of indemnities: political equality, 64. V. THE EMPIRE 65-78 1. The advantages of sea power, 66. 2. The demands of the fleet, 68. 3. The complaints made against Athens, 70. _a._ Misuse of tribute money, 71. _b._ Misuse of judicial authority, 72. _c._ Seizure of land in subject territory, 73. _d._ Extirpation of the best, 74. 4. The destruction of the empire, 75. III. FROM SPARTA TO ARISTOTLE I. SPARTA IN HISTORY 79-97 1. Crushing of early Spartan culture, 81. 2. The military life of the Spartans, 84. 3. The effect of the Perioec ring-wall, 85, 88. _a._ The Peloponnesian league: 550-370 B.C., 88. _b._ The Hellenic league: 405-395 B.C., 89. 4. The hollowness of the Spartan hegemony, 90-95. _a._ Cinadon, 91. 5. The age of reaction, 96, 97. _a._ Urban particularism, 96. _b._ The ancestral constitution, 96. II. SPARTA AND ATHENS IN POLITICAL THEORY 97-114 1. Plato, 99-107. _a._ Neglect of History, 99. _b._ Plato's hatred of democracy, 102. _c._ His idealization of Sparta, 107. 2. Aristotle, 107-114. _a._ Relation to history, 108. _b._ Aristotle's hatred of imperialism, 110, 113. _c._ Comparison of his Politics with the Prince of Machiavelli, 111. _d._ Aristotle's failure to let "strength" operate in international politics, 114. IV. ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND WORLD-MONARCHY I. IDEAS RECEIVED BY ALEXANDER FROM HIS PARENTS AND HIS TUTOR 116-123 _a._ Alexander and Philip, 116. _b._ Alexander and Aristotle, 119, 135, 147. II. ACTS BY WHICH ALEXANDER DISCLOSED HIS POLICIES 123-148 1. The destruction of Thebes, 123. 2. The visit to Troy, 124. 3. The Gordian knot, 125. 4. The visit to the oasis of Siwah, 126, 139. 5. The burning of the palace of the Persian kings, 129. 6. The discharge of the Greek contingents, 130. 7. _Proskynesis_, 131. 8. The great marriage at Susa, 136. 9. The _proskynesis_ of the city-states, 147. V. THE PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY I. HISTORY OF THE PTOLEMIES 149-160 1. Third period of Ptolemaic history: 80-30 B.C., 151. _a._ Ptolemy the Piper, 152. _b._ Cleopatra the Great, 152. 2. First period of Ptolemaic history: 323-203 B.C., 155. _a._ Ptolemy I. Soter: 323-283 B.C., 150, 155.