_b._ Ptolemy II. Philadelphus: 285-246 B.C., 156. _c._ Ptolemy III. Euergetes: 246-222 B.C., 159, 179. _d._ Ptolemy IV. Philopator: 222-203 B.C., 160, 179. II. EMPIRE OF THE PTOLEMIES 160-182 1. Grounds of the imperial policy of the early Ptolemies, 160. _a._ Pride of possession, 160. _b._ Checkmating enemies, 161. _c._ Commercial advantages, 161. _d._ Domestic policy, 162. 2. Triple theory of Ptolemaic state, 162. _a._ For Egyptians, 162. _b._ For Greek city-states, 163. _c._ For Macedonians, 166. 3. The Ptolemaic army, 167. _a._ Origin, 168. _b._ Distribution of, in Egypt, 172. _c._ Influence of, upon natives, 176. _d._ Becomes immobile, 242-222 B.C., 179. _e._ Opened to Egyptians, 180. 4. Second or domestic period of Ptolemaic history, 200-80 B.C., 180. _a._ Absorption of Greek by native population, 181. VI. THE SELEUCID EMPIRE I. HISTORY OF THE SELEUCIDS 183-194 1. Antigonus the One-eyed, creator of the realm, 183. 2. Century and a half of progress, 184-190. _a._ Seleucus I: 312-281 B.C., 184. _b._ Antiochus I, Soter: 281-262 B.C., 185. _c._ Antiochus II, Theos: 262-246 B.C., 185. _d._ Seleucus II, Callinicus: 246-226 B.C., 186. _e._ Seleucus III, Soter: 226-223 B.C. _f._ Antiochus III, The Great: 223-187 B.C., 187. _g._ Seleucus IV: 187-175 B.C. _h._ Antiochus IV, The God Manifest: 175-164 B.C., 190, 213. 3. Century of decline: 164-163 B.C., 190. 4. External agents of destruction, 190. _a._ Rome disarms Seleucids, incites revolt, and keeps alive dynastic struggles, 190. _b._ Indo-Scythians (Yue Tchi) occupy East Iran, 192. 5. Internal agencies: revolt of Jews, Parthians, Armenians, 191, 192. II. POLICY AND PROBLEMS OF THE SELEUCIDS 195-214 1. Seleucus I, heir of Alexander's ideas, 195. 2. Founding of city-states, 196. 3. Priestly communities and feudal states, how treated, 197. 4. Royal villages, how managed, 203, 205. 5. Land either property of king or of city-states, 204. 6. City-states, how far they Hellenized Asia, 206. 7. Relations of king to city-states, 208. 8. Comparison of Syria and Italy, 210. 9. Policy of Antiochus IV: conflict with Jews; submission to Rome, 212. VII. THE EMPIRE OF THE ANTIGONIDS I. RELATION OF MACEDON TO HELLAS 215 II. MACEDONIAN CONTRIBUTION TO ROME 215-216 1. War, 215. 2. Government--a constitutional and not an absolute monarchy, 216. 3. Culture, 216. III. MACEDONIAN OPPOSITION TO ROME 217-218 IV. EARLY HISTORY OF THE ANTIGONIDS 218-222 1. Antigonus I--the exponent of unity in Græco-Macedonian world, 218.