Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
From these sources we learn as usual little about the poet’s dramatic
skill, much as to his literary style. But under the first head falls a
vital remark of Aristotle: “in his reversals of the action (_i.e._ the
_peripeteia_), however, he shows a marvellous skill in the effort to hit
the popular taste—to produce a tragic effect that satisfies the moral
sense. This effect is produced when the clever rogue, like Sisyphus, is
outwitted, or the brave villain defeated. Such an event is, moreover,
probable in Agathon’s sense of the word: ‘it is probable,’ he says,
‘that many things should happen contrary to probability’.”[77] Agathon
belongs to the class of playwrights who win popularity by bringing down
to the customary theatrical level the methods and ideas of a genius who
is himself too undiluted and strange for his contemporaries. Agathon’s
relation to Euripides resembles that of (let us say) Mr. St. John Hankin,
in his later work, to Ibsen. Of his literary style much the same may
be said. He loves to moralize on chance and probability and the queer
twists of human nature, with Euripides’ knack of neatness but without his
insight. Such things as
μόνου γὰρ αὐτοῦ καὶ θεὸς στερίσκεται,
ἀγένητα ποιεῖν ἅσσ’ ἂν ᾖ πεπραγμένα
“this alone is beyond the power even of God, to make undone that which
has been done,” and even the celebrated τέχνη τύχην ἔστερξε καὶ τύχη
τέχνην, “skill loves luck, and luck skill,” give the measure of his power
over epigram. His easy way of expressing simple ideas with admirable
neatness may remind us of a much greater dramatist—Terence, or, in later
times, of Marivaux.[78]
Plato tells us that he was a pupil both of Prodicus[79] and of
Gorgias,[80] the renowned sophists, and we may trace their teaching
in the fragments and in the remarkable speech which the greatest
stylist of all time puts into his mouth in the _Symposium_—the rhymes,
antitheses, quibbles, and verbal trickiness of argument. The parody,
both brilliant and careful, which Aristophanes presents at the opening
of his _Thesmophoriazusæ_ is directed chiefly perhaps against his music,
whereof we have no trace. The blunt auditor, Mnesilochus, describes
it as lascivious.[81] The words set to it read like a feeble copy of
Euripides—fluent, copious, nerveless, in spite of the “lathe,” the
“glue,” the “melting-pot,” and the “moulds”[82] over which his satirist
makes merry.
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