Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
First, it seems ridiculous to reveal what is supposed to be inside a
building—not to come out, be it observed, but to stay inside—by thrusting
forth one or two people on a species of dray. But we must remember the
enormous and rightful influence of convention. If Greek audiences wished
to see such _tableaux_ and were convinced that by no other means could
they be shown, then it was their business to accept the eccyclema; that
in such circumstances they would accept and soon fail even to notice
it, is proved by the whole history of art. We see nothing ludicrous
in the spectacle of a man telling his deepest secrets in a study one
wall of which is replaced by a vast assembly of eavesdroppers. The
Elizabethan theatre accepted precisely this contrivance of the eccyclema.
In our texts of _Henry VI_ (Pt. II, Act III, Sc. ii.) we read this
stage-direction: “The folding-doors of an inner chamber are thrown open,
and Gloucester is discovered dead in his bed: Warwick and others standing
by it”. Instead of all this, the old direction merely says: “Bed put
forth”. In another early drama we find the amusing instruction: “Enter
So-and-So in bed”. The æsthetic objection to the eccyclema has no force
whatever.
The other objection rests on the fact that a more elaborate _tableau_ is
sometimes indicated than could be accommodated on so narrow a platform.
The most serious example is provided by the _Eumenides_, where we are
to imagine upon the eccyclema an altar, Orestes kneeling by it, Apollo
and Hermes standing beside him, and the whole chorus of Furies sleeping
around them. In Aristophanes’ _Clouds_ the interior of Socrates’ school
is exhibited, with pupils at work amid lecture-room appliances. A
brilliant scene of the same poet’s _Acharnians_ depicts Dicæopolis’
interview with Euripides, who is too busy to come downstairs from his
study-attic, but consents to be “wheeled out”. Thus the eccyclema
shows him outside and also aloft: how could this be represented on the
dray? Perhaps by elevating poet and furniture upon posts? Even this is
not inconceivable.[181] Nor is it impossible that the Furies of the
_Eumenides_ were arranged on two eccyclemata of their own, thrust out
of the side doors, while Orestes and the gods were upon the central
platform. For Pollux does say that there were three.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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