Hackers, Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Chapters 1 and 2Levy, Steven
History
Hackers, Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Chapters 1 and 2
Levy, Steven
Computer hackers; Computer programming
One day a former TMRC member who was now on the MIT faculty paid
a visit to the clubroom. His name was Jack Dennis. When he had
been an undergraduate in the early 1950s, he had worked furiously
underneath the layout. Dennis lately had been working a computer
which MIT had just received from Lincoln Lab, a military
development laboratory affiliated with the Institute. The
computer was called the TX-0, and it was one of the first
transistor-run computers in the world. Lincoln Lab had used it
specifically to test a giant computer called the TX-2, which had
a memory so complex that only with this specially built little
brother could its ills be capably diagnosed. Now that its
original job was over, the three-million-dollar TX-0 had been
shipped over to the Institute on "long-term loan," and apparently
no one at Lincoln Lab had marked a calendar with a return date.
Dennis asked the S&P people at TMRC whether they would like to
see it.
Hey you nuns! Would you like to meet the Pope?
The TX-0 was in Building 26, in the second-floor Radio Laboratory
of Electronics (RLE), directly above the first-floor Computation
Center which housed the hulking IBM 704. The RLE lab resembled
the control room of an antique spaceship. The TX-0, or Tixo, as
it was sometimes called, was for its time a midget machine, since
it was one of the first computers to use finger-size transistors
instead of hand-size vacuum tubes. Still, it took up much of the
room, along with its fifteen tons of supporting air-conditioning
equipment. The TX-O's workings were mounted on several tall,
thin chassis, like rugged metal bookshelves, with tangled wires
and neat little rows of tiny, bottle-like containers in which the
transistors were inserted. Another rack had a solid metal front
speckled with grim-looking gauges. Facing the racks was an
L-shaped console, the control panel of this H. G. Wells
spaceship, with a blue countertop for your elbows and papers. On
the short arm of the L stood a Flexowriter, which resembled a
typewriter converted for tank warfare, its bottom anchored in a
military gray housing. Above the top were the control panels,
boxlike protrusions painted an institutional yellow. On the
sides of the boxes which faced the user were a few gauges,
several lines of quarter-inch blinking lights, a matrix of steel
toggle switches the size of large grains of rice, and, best of
all, an actual cathode ray tube display, round and smoke-gray.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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