Half hours with the lower animals : $b protozoans, sponges, corals, shells, insects, and crustaceansHolder, Charles Frederick
Science
Half hours with the lower animals : $b protozoans, sponges, corals, shells, insects, and crustaceans
Holder, Charles Frederick
Animals; Invertebrates
Anemones are found in many strange places. One, as we have seen, rides
about upon the back of a hermit crab; another is so often found on the
top of an ordinary crab that it is evidently a habit of the anemone.
The anemone thus travels about with its host and shares its food. In
the Indian Ocean a German naturalist found on every crab of a certain
kind, which he caught, a sea anemone fastened upon the inside of the
large biting claw. Thinking it accidental, he caught a number of crabs,
but nearly all had the small anemone, which was so placed that when the
crab raised its claw to its mouth to eat and tear its food, the sea
anemone was in a position to obtain a full share of the food. Still
thinking that this must be an accident, the naturalist placed a large
number of the crabs bearing the sea anemones in a tank and removed the
anemones with a knife, placing them in the water. The following day
when they were examined every crab had its attendant again upon its
claw. Again the experiment was tried, and again the crabs collected
their curious attendants. The naturalist now cut one of the animals
into several pieces, and even then the crabs attempted to collect them.
The anemones deposit eggs in vast numbers, which change into strange,
free-swimming animals that finally settle upon the bottom and soon grow
into the adult forms. They have another method of developing. Singular
little "buds" appear on the sides and base of the adult, which soon
resemble the parent. The anemone is very long-lived; specimens have
been kept for nearly a century. They also have a marvelous faculty
for renewing themselves if injured. If one is divided, sometimes two
anemones will be the result, recalling their distant cousin the little
hydra, which when turned inside out receives its food and eats as
though nothing had happened. No amount of mutilating appears to affect
its various portions, as each soon develops into a perfect hydra.
The sea anemone is a common form of the aquarium. It is easily secured
by those living near the ocean, forming a most interesting pet, taking
food from the hand, and soon proving itself possessed of a remarkable
appetite. The anemones are among the great purifiers of the ocean,
devouring a vast amount of dead matter which might pollute the water,
and continually pumping the water through their systems, sifting out
the animal life, dead or alive. Aside from this, the anemones are
chiefly useful as beautifiers of the ocean. In the Mediterranean Sea
they are sometimes eaten by the Italians and French. Certain fishes and
crustaceans prey upon them.
V. THE CORALS
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