(4) When Tones and Active Touches were combined, the appreciation
of both was raised for both F. and M. It appears (_a_) that the
displacement for F. is very slight, .45+ and .23+, when compared
with the displacement for M., 1.71+ and .31+. But, (_b_) that the
displacement of tones is greater than that of the active touches for
both F. and M. (_c_) That this same relatively great displacement of
tones occurred in the opposite direction when colors and tones were
combined.
(5) When Tones and Passive Touches were combined, the appreciation of
both was raised for F,--the tones being raised more than the passive
touches. This combination was not tried with M. for lack of time.
From time to time some special tests of these general tendencies were
applied. From the results already set forth, one could predict that
there was a strong probability that when the tone-series was combined
with a constant touch-series, active or passive, the appreciation of
the tones would be raised. This was tried by allowing the subject M. to
rub his hand over the somewhat rough pillow of a tilting board. The
results showed that the appreciation of twenty-five out of twenty-seven
tones was raised. Other predictions were similarly verified.
Of course, any experiment of this nature is exposed to a great many
chances of error. The subjects may be fatigued, or depressed generally.
But the wide range of different readings taken is a reasonable
assurance that the chances of error are minimized. And it is to be
noted, also, that individual differences of appreciation do not vitiate
the results. In getting the "standards" no less than 2000 judgments
were given by each subject, while for the tables each subject gave
no less than 4000 judgments. The curves made from these data show
the effect of each separate combination by their variation from the
standard. The tables and analyses and conclusions already introduced
show, in general, that _our appreciation of each of several stimuli
in combination is different from our appreciation of the same stimuli
when taken separately_. The results show that this appreciation may be
either raised or lowered; that is to say, our feeling of values is not
constant for a given stimulus under all conditions.
From Table XIII I have found the average displacement of each series to
be as follows:
Tones, .90.
Colors, .37.
A. Touches, .28.
P. Touches, .23.
This shows that passive touches are subject to the least displacement,
while active touches, colors, and tones are respectively subject to
a greater variation. The sight-touch world is more stable than the
auditory world. With M. the tones go over a full point both below and
above the standard.
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