The results for the second subject, Mr. Flexner, are practically the
same. With the position of the eyes at 0°, when the left edge is judged
and moved, we find the following averages: from + to =: +0.03, from =
to -:-3.8, from - to =:-0.7, from = to +:+3.93; when the right edge is
moved from + to =:-0.08, from = to -:-4.29, from - to =:+1.21, from =
to +:+4.08. It is evident that the difference between right and left
which existed for Mr. Tait does not enter into Mr. Flexner's results.
The equality-point as average of 120 experiments lies for normal
eye-position practically at zero, and the threshold is ±4 mm.; his
sensibility for differences of retinal images is thus still finer than
for Mr. Tait, as we saw that the threshold of ±4 mm. means a difference
of visual angles of less than 15". If Mr. Flexner's head is turned 15°
to the left, his left eye thus considerably farther away from the edges
than the right eye, the results are these: If the left edge is moved
and judged, we find from + to =:-0.02, from = to -:-3.17, from - to
=:0, from = to +:+4.67; if the right edge is moved from + to =:-0.01,
from = to -:-2.5, from - to =:-0.8, from = to +:+3.33. Experiments
with lateral movement of 30° were not carried through, as the subject,
accustomed to eye-glasses, became less accurate in the judgments; but
the experiments with the position of 0° and of 15° are unequivocal.
They show that the equality-point and the thresholds are exactly the
same for 15´ as for 0°. For the lateral position of 15° again the
average equality-point is exactly at 0° and the threshold at less than
±4 mm. We saw that for a lateral movement of 15° the difference of
the angles at the equality-point is 24". We find thus for Mr. Flexner
that with primary eye-position a difference of angles of less than 15"
gives a distinct stereoscopic effect, while with a lateral position of
the eyes a plane effect demands a difference of 24" for the two visual
angles.
Experiments with Dr. Bell finally showed a rather strong fluctuation
of judgments and the determination of the equality-point for normal
eye-position has not only too large a middle variation to be a reliable
basis, but is influenced by a constant tendency to underestimate the
distance of the edge moved. Yet the general result is the same as with
the other two subjects, that is, the equality-point is with him, too,
practically the same for the eyes in normal and in lateral position.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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