This brings us to the third division of Greco-Roman sculpture, in
reality its most original contribution to the history of Greek art:
the Neo-Attic reliefs,[119] all of which are primarily decorative in
their purpose. The works with which we have hitherto dealt--the Apollo
Belvedere, the Torso Belvedere, or the Venus Genetrix--have all been
eclectic in style, and consequently have lacked the sense of harmony
or uniformity, which is one of the conditions of great sculpture. The
same criticism applies to all the sculpture of the mainland in the
Hellenistic age. On the other hand the schools of Pergamon, Rhodes,
and Alexandria attained a uniformity of style, and consequently were
enabled to produce masterpieces of art. Their works can be attributed
to a school, because they contain common elements of style and
technique based on a common theory of art. This community of purpose
has been wholly lacking in the works of Euboulides, Damophon, and the
Melian artists, and only partially felt in the works of Pasiteles
and Arcesilaos. All these artists were individualists selecting and
combining at their own will and pleasure. The Neo-Attic artists are
quite different. Their names are immaterial, because their works all
bear the impress of precisely the same style. There is no chance
of mistaking a Neo-Attic work; its origin is clear in every line.
These reliefs represent the last true school of Greek sculpture, the
last monuments in which a common line of development can be studied
unaffected by individual idiosyncrasies. They are strongly archaistic,
but in spite of this they are essentially modern. They neither copy the
antique exactly, nor adapt it to existing modes as the followers of
Pasiteles did. They rather invent a new mode and a new style in art,
but they make use of archaic technical details for its expression.
Their art is essentially artificial and symbolic, so that they
represent a reaction against the academic classicism of the period;
but it is also meticulous in detail, so that it can merit no reproach
of a loose impressionism. The Neo-Attic artists of the first century
B.C. are really the pre-Raphaelites of Greek art, and Rossetti and
Burne-Jones are the nearest parallel to them in later art history.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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