When we examine the figures more closely, we can see the elements
which make up their characteristic style. The figures invariably
march on tiptoe. Their fingers are extended and the little finger
is usually bent back in an affected manner. This detail is derived
from the archaic pose of the hand holding out a flower, so common in
late Ionian art. The tiptoe pose is also found on ancient reliefs.
The drapery is based mainly on that of the late fifth-century Attic
school, but with various additions and refinements. The fluttering
ends of cloaks and mantles recall fourth-century reliefs, while the
curving swallow-tail ends of flying drapery are imitated directly from
the sixth century. The drapery on the figure itself usually hangs in
straight archaic lines as in the Artemis of Pompeii,[121] where the
zigzag shape of ancient folds is reproduced with great formality; or
it follows an almost equally artificial system of wavy folds, based
on the school of the Balustrade, as in the fine relief of a dancing
Maenad in the Conservatori Museum.[122] The elegant lounging poses with
bent head, which remind us somewhat of Burne-Jones figures, are based
no doubt on Praxiteles. The delineation of the surface muscles of the
nude body also follows a uniform rule derived rather from the middle
fifth-century Attic art than from that of Ionia. The muscles of the
male figures tend to be over-emphasized, so far as that is conformable
with the elegant slenderness of their figures. But a description of
the figure-types of Neo-Attic art is incomplete without some notice of
the intricate decorative designs of plants and animals which always
frame and enshrine the reliefs on altar or candelabrum. Archaic
Greek decoration was always formal and conventional in character.
The exquisite mouldings of the Erechtheum or of the later Corinthian
capital are not naturalistic but highly stylized. Naturalistic
floral or animal decoration begins with the Hellenistic age, and is
especially prominent in the Neo-Attic monuments. The trailing vine,
grape-clusters, wreaths of flowers, new heraldic sphinxes, lions’
heads, &c., are carefully worked out from nature and combined with the
remnants of the old decoration of palmettes, volutes, and tongue and
dart mouldings. The vase of Sosibios shows a combination of the two
principles, which is truly symbolic of the Greco-Roman combined school,
for naturalistic decorative designs are just as representative of Roman
art as formal ones are of Hellenic. From the combined system of the
Neo-Attic reliefs we pass directly to the purely naturalistic floral
designs of Augustan architectural sculpture.
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