(a) Reiectis pilis cominus gladiis pugnatum est. |II| At Germani celeriter, ex consuetudine sua, phalange facta, impetus gladiorum exceperunt. |III| Reperti sunt complures nostri milites, qui in phalangas insilirent, et scuta manibus revellerent, et desuper vulnerarent. |IV| Cum hostium acies a sinistro cornu pulsa atque in fugam conversa esset, a dextro cornu vehementer multitudine suorum nostram aciem premebant. |V| Id cum animadvertisset Publius Crassus adulescens, qui equitatui praeerat, quod expeditior erat quam hi qui inter aciem versabantur, tertiam aciem laborantibus nostris subsidio misit. |VI| Ita proelium restitutum est. || CAESAR. _Fierce encounter with the Germans._ (b) Reiectis pilis cominus gladiis +pugnatum est+. {II} At +Germani+ celeriter, ex consuetudine sua, phalange facta, +impetus+ gladiorum +exceperunt+. {III} +Reperti sunt+ complures nostri +milites+ [_qui in phalangas insilirent, et scuta manibus revellerent, et desuper vulnerarent_.] {IV} [_Cum hostium acies a sinistro cornu pulsa atque in IV fugam conversa esset,_] a dextro cornu vehementer multitudine suorum nostram +aciem premebant+. {V} [_Id cum animadvertisset +Publius Crassus+ adulescens,_] [_qui equitatui praeerat,_] [_quod expeditior erat quam hi qui inter aciem versabantur,_] tertiam +aciem+ laborantibus nostris subsidio +misit+. {VI} Ita proelium +restitutum est+. CAESAR. DEMONSTRATION I. CAESAR, _B. G._ i. 52. _Reiectis pilis ... restitutum est._ _Heading and Author._--This tells you enough for working purposes, even if you do not remember the outline facts of Caesar’s campaign against Ariovistus, the chief of the Germans, called in by the Gauls in their domestic quarrels, who conquered and ruled them until he was himself crushed by the Romans. _Read through the passage carefully._--As you do this, notice all allusions and key-words that help you to the sense of the passage, _e.g._ +Germani+, +nostri milites+, +Publius Crassus+. The general sense of the passage should now be so plain (_i.e._ an incident in a battle between the Germans and the Romans) that you may begin to translate sentence by sentence. +I.+ +Reiectis pilis cominus gladiis pugnatum est.+ (i.) _Vocabulary._-- +Reiectis+ = +re + iacio+ = _throw back_ or _away_. The context will tell you which is the better meaning for +re-+. Notice the force of all prefixes in composition, whether separate or inseparable as here. For +re-+, see pp. 280, 281. [[Appendix II.II: Separable Particles]] +pilis+ = the +pīlum+, the distinctively _Roman_ missile weapon. +cominus+ = +comminus+: _i.e._ +con (= cum) + manus+ = _hand to hand._ N.B.--In composition _a_ often becomes _i_, cf. +iacio+, +re-icio+; and cf. +e-minus+ = _at a distance_. (ii.) _Translation._--