(b) that +Postquam ... cecidit+ is a subordinate clause of _time_ modifying the action of the principal verb +fusa est+. It would perhaps be well to translate at first literally:-- _After that he, not only out of regard for_ (+pro+) _his old fame, but also from fear of future disgrace, if he should survive a disaster brought about by his own rashness, exposing himself to the weapons of the enemy fell, the Roman army was at once routed._ You will see that this rendering, though verbally correct, is not English, and must be considerably altered before it can be called a good translation. Thus:-- (a) _It is too long._ You can remedy this by taking +postquam ... cecidit+ as one complete sentence, and +fusa ... acies+ as another. (b) _Exposing himself._ Better _exposed himself to ... and_. Notice here the strictly accurate use of the Pres. participle in Latin. (c) ‘+future+’ may be omitted, as tautological[15] in English. Cf. our inexact idiom ‘_he promised to come_’ (Lat. ‘_that he would come_’). [Footnote 15: _i.e._ needless repetition (ταὐτὸ λέγειν = to say the same thing).] _At last, both for the sake of his old renown and from the fear of disgrace should he survive a disaster brought on by his own rashness, he threw himself among the enemy’s darts and was slain. The Roman army was routed in a moment._ --Church and B. +V.+ +Sed adeo ne fugae quidem iter patuit omnibus viis ab equite insessis, ut ex tanta multitudine vix mille evaserint, ceteri passim alii alia peste absumpti sint.+ (i.) _Vocabulary._-- +pătuit+ = _was open_. Cf. +păte-facio+ = _to make open_; +păt-ulus+ = _open_, _spread out_; +păt-era+ = _a broad, flat dish_. English, _patent_. +insessis+ = _occupied_; +in + sed-eo+ = _sit upon_--so, _occupy_. +passim+ = _hither and thither_, _far and wide_, formed from +passus+ (+pando+), _expand_. (ii.) _Translation._--This sentence resembles in form Sentence IV., with one principal verb +patuit+, and a principal subject +iter+, and a subordinate clause of _result_, +ut ... absumpti sint+, modifying the action of the principal verb +patuit+. You may conveniently break up this sentence into two, by beginning a new sentence with +Ceteri+. Thus:-- _So completely closed against them was every chance of escape, all the roads being beset by cavalry, that out of so numerous a host hardly a thousand escaped. The rest perished as they fled, some by one death and some by another._ Before laying aside these two passages, you should pay attention to the following points:-- (i.) _Vocabulary._--Besides carefully noticing _new_ words, try to form groups of _cognates_ (i.e. _related words_). One of the best ways to enlarge your vocabulary is to group together _words of common origin_, and to add to each, where you can, derivative and cognate English words. To take a few examples from this passage:--