Heroes of science : $b Botanists, zoologists, and geologistsDuncan, P. Martin (Peter Martin)
History
Heroes of science : $b Botanists, zoologists, and geologists
Duncan, P. Martin (Peter Martin)
Naturalists
At the age of fourteen Cuvier quitted his home to go to this school, and
under circumstances enough to frighten any schoolboy. He travelled with
the chamberlain and secretary of the duke, sitting between them without
understanding a word they said, as they spoke German the whole time.
He always remembered this journey and its miseries. The youth quickly
made himself comfortable at the academy, and his really good training
soon placed him high amongst his fellows. For four years he studied all
that was taught in the higher classes, mathematics, law, administration,
tactics, and commerce, and obtaining various prizes, was made, with five
or six others out of the four hundred, to belong to a class bearing the
order of “Chevalerie.” These youths were under the immediate patronage
of the duke, and had privileges besides that of dining at a separate
table. Nine months after his arrival at Stuttgart, Cuvier gained the
prize in German. But all this time Cuvier led a second life. Out in the
fields and in the museum he was supremely happy. Collecting, observing,
drawing, and describing were his occupations in his leisure hours, and
his drawings of birds, insects, and plants were very excellent and
correct. All the books he could get on natural history he read, and the
works of Linnæus were especially learned with zeal. At the end of his
academical career Cuvier was promised a place in the administration of
the country, and if he had got it probably he would have become a kind
of civil service clerk, and have never been heard of. But trouble came,
and that of the bitterest kind for a rising young man. Circumstances
against which he could not bear up necessitated his seeking a totally
different kind of employment. The unsettled state of money and finance
in France caused Cuvier’s father’s pension to be withheld, and the young
man, very properly desiring to be no burthen to his parents, gave up
all hopes of political distinction, and accepted the modest position of
tutor to a French family, that of M. d’Hericy, at Caen, in Normandy. He
was to educate the only son; and so, without bewailing his lot, which was
thought a very sad one by his companions and admirers, Cuvier settled
down to work and found that he was in the very position for using those
remarkable powers as a naturalist, which determined his future career.
The sea was close by, and Cuvier began to study the marine animals. After
some time some fossils were discovered at Fécamp, and Cuvier began to
compare them with the living things which most resembled them. Then the
accidental discovery of a calamary led him to study the higher mollusca,
or shell-fish. Cuvier also began to study the huge class of vermes, or
worms, in which Linnæus had included a vast number of lower animals, and
which Lamarck subsequently investigated. Cuvier examined the anatomy
of the groups, and arranged them according to their resemblances in
structure. This was an excellent piece of work, and it was done for
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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