And lastly we have to deal with style; and here again I must have
recourse to my distinctions. What _is_ a good style? If you mean by a
"good" style, one that delivers the author's meaning in the clearest
possible manner, if its purpose and effect are obviously utilitarian, if
it be designed solely with the view of imparting knowledge--the
knowledge of what the author intends--then I must point out that "style"
in this sense is or should be amongst the accomplishments of every
commercial clerk--indeed, it will be merely a synonym for plain speaking
and plain writing--and in this sense it is evidently not one of the
marks of art, since the object of art is not information, but a peculiar
kind of æsthetic delight. But if on the other hand style is to mean such
a use and choice of words and phrases and cadences that the ear and the
soul through the ear receive an impression of subtle but most beautiful
music, if the sense and sound and colour of the words affect us with an
almost inexplicable delight, then I say that while Idea is the soul,
style is the glorified body of the very highest literary art. Style, in
short, is the last perfection of the very best in literature, it is the
outward sign of the burning grace within. But we must keep the
systematic consideration of style for some other night; it's not a
subject to be dealt with by the way, and I have only said so much
because it was necessary to draw the line between language as a means of
imparting facts (good style in the sense of our opponents) and language
as an æsthetic instrument, which is a good, or rather a beautiful style
in our sense. In the latter sense it is the form of fine literature, in
the former sense it is the medium of all else that is expressed in
words, from a bill of exchange upwards.
It seems to me, then, that we have considered one by one the alternative
tests of fine literature which have been or may be proposed, and we have
come to the conclusion that each and all are impossible. It is no longer
permissible, I imagine, for you or for me to say: "This book is fine
literature because it makes me cry, because it was so interesting that I
couldn't put it down, because it is so natural and faithful to life,
because it is so well (plainly and neatly) written." We have picked
these reasons to pieces one by one, and the result is that we are driven
back on my "word of the enigma"--Ecstasy; the infallible instrument, as
I think, by which fine literature may be discerned from reading-matter,
by which art may be known from artifice, and style from intelligent
expression. At any rate we have got our hypothesis, and you remember
what stress Coleridge laid on the necessity of forming some hypothesis
before entering on any investigation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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