But I assure you that, even after having established the grand
distinction, it is by no means plain sailing. Everything terrestrial is
so composite (except, perhaps, pure music) that one is confronted by an
almost endless task of distinguishing matter from form, and body from
spirit. Literature, we say, is ecstasy, but a book must be written about
something and about somebody; it must be expressed in words, it must
have arrangement and artifice, it must have accident as well as essence.
Consider "Don Quixote" as an example; it is, I suppose, the finest prose
romance in existence. Essentially, it expresses the eternal quest of the
unknown, that longing, peculiar to man, which makes him reach out
towards infinity; and he lifts up his eyes, and he strains his eyes,
looking across the ocean, for certain fabled, happy islands, for Avalon
that is beyond the setting of the sun. And he comes into life from the
unknown world, from glorious places, and all his days he journeys
through the world, spying about him, going on and ever on, expecting
beyond every hill to find the holy city, seeing signs, and omens, and
tokens by the way, reminded every hour of his everlasting citizenship.
"From the great deep to the great deep he goes": it is true of King
Arthur and of each one of us; and this, I take it, is the essence of
"Don Quixote," and of all his forerunners and successors. Then, in the
second place, you get the eternal moral of the book, and you will
understand that I am not using "moral" in the vulgar sense. The eternal
moral, then, of "Don Quixote" is the strife between temporal and
eternal, between the soul and the body, between things spiritual and
things corporal, between ecstasy and the common life. You read the book
and you see that there is a perpetual jar, you are continually
confronted by the great antinomy of life. It seems a mere comic
incident when the knight dreaming of enchantment is knocked about, and
made ridiculous; but I tell you it is the perpetual tragedy of life
itself, symbolised. I say that it is, under a figure, the picture of
humanity in the world, that you will find the truth it represents
repeated again and again throughout all history. You know that if one
goes back resolutely to the first principles of things, one finds
oneself, as it were, in a place where all lines that seemed parallel and
eternally divided meet, and so it is with this tragedy symbolised by the
Don Quixote. It is, you may say, the tragedy of the Unknown and the
Known, of the Soul and Body, of the Idea and the Fact, of Ecstasy and
Common Life; at last, I suppose, of Good and Evil. The source of it lies
far beyond our understanding, but its symbol is shown again and again in
Cervantes's page.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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