Hindu Law and Judicature from the Dharma-Sástra of YájnavalkyaYajñavalkya
Religion
Hindu Law and Judicature from the Dharma-Sástra of Yájnavalkya
Yajñavalkya
Hindu law
91. If the instrument be in a foreign country, be illegibly written,
be destroyed, faded, stolen, mutilated, burned, or torn, [the Court]
shall direct a new one to be made.
92. The authenticity of a written instrument which is doubtful, is to
be ascertained by [comparison with other] documents in the handwriting
of the party &c.,[168] by [enquiry into] the probability of its having
been obtained,[169] and [the mode of] its preparation, by [observation
of] any marks, by [enquiry of] the relation [in which the parties
stand to each other], and how the matter came about.
93. As often as the debtor makes a payment, either he shall write an
indorsement to that effect on the document, or the creditor shall give
a receipt under his hand.
94. When the debt is paid, [the debtor] shall cause the document to be
torn up, or shall have another prepared, _viz._ of discharge. If the
debt was incurred before witnesses, its payment should also be before
witnesses.[170]
95. The scales, fire, water, poison, the sacred draught--these are
the ordeals for exculpation,[171] in case of grave accusations, if the
accuser be prepared to pay a fine.
96. When it is agreed on; one of the parties shall perform [the
ordeal], the other be in readiness to pay the fine. Even without a
fine, there shall be trial by ordeal in case of treason or great
crime.
97. [The accused,] being summoned, shall, after bathing at sunrise and
fasting, be made to go through the several ordeals, in presence of the
monarch and the bráhmaṇs.
98. The scales are [the ordeal] for women, children, aged men, the
blind, the lame, bráhmaṇs, and those afflicted with disease. Fire
or water, or the seven barleycorns' weight of poison are [the ordeal]
for a Śúdrá.
99. For a less value than a thousand _paṇas_, one shall not go
through the ordeal of the [heated] iron plough-share, of poison, or of
the scales: but in case of offence against the monarch or great crime,
purifications[172] shall always be gone through.
100. When the accused has been placed in the scales by those who
understand the art of weighing, a counter-weight adjusted, and a line
drawn, he is then to be taken out [of the scales.]
101. "O scales! made by the gods, of old, the abode of truth:
therefore do ye, propitious ones, declare the truth and liberate me
from suspicion!
102. If I be an evil-doer, then bear me down, oh mother! If I be pure,
carry me upwards!" Thus shall he [who is to go through the ordeal]
invoke the scales.
103. The hands [of the accused] shall be inspected when rice has been
rubbed in them; after which, seven leaves of the Indian fig tree are
to be placed therein [_scil._ in his hands] and fastened round
successively with a thread.
104. "Thou, O fire, dwellest in all created things! O purifier, in
testimony of innocence and guilt, do thou, in my hand, make known the
truth!"
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