244. He who, in measurement, or [use of] the scales, defrauds [to the extent] of an eighth, shall be made to pay a fine of two hundred _paṇas_, and thus proportionably for a more or less quantity. 245. He who adulterates[338] medicine, or oily commodities, or salt, or perfumes, or corn, or sugar, or other saleable articles, shall be fined sixteen _paṇas._ 246. For making one sort of article to appear to be of another sort, whether it be earthen goods, or skins, or precious stones, or threads, or corn, or wood, or bark of trees, or clothes, a fine [is ordained of] eight-fold the purchase money. 247. For him who changes a covered basket,[339] or who gives in pledge or sells counterfeit drugs in a wrapper,[340] the fines prescribed are, 248. where [the value is] below a _paṇa_ fifty _paṇas_, where [it amounts to] a _paṇa_ one hundred _paṇas_, where to two _paṇas_ two hundred _paṇas_: with increase of value the fine increases. 249. The highest fine is imposed on those who, [although] aware of the rise or fall in prices, combine, to the prejudice of labourers and artists, to create a price [of their own]. 250. For traders who combine, by [arbitrarily fixing] an improper price, to impede [the traffic in] any commodity, or to make [an injurious] sale of it,[341] the highest fine is ordained. 251. The price in [transactions of] sale and purchase, daily, is regulated by the monarch;[342] the difference[343] is declared to be the traders' profit. 252. On goods of his own country let a trader clear a profit of five per cent., and ten per cent. on those of another country; provided he make prompt sale of his purchase. 253. [The monarch] is to determine the price, in unison with the wishes of both purchaser and seller; first adding to the cost of the article the expense of bringing it to the market.[344] 254. He who, having received the price of any commodity, fails to deliver it to the buyer, shall be compelled to deliver the article, together with damages [for the detention]; and should the buyer be from foreign parts, then, the foreign profit [shall be added]. 255. There may be a re-sale of goods sold, if the original buyer will not receive them. If loss arise from misconduct of the buyer, he shall bear it. 256. Whatever damage may befal goods by [act of] the monarch, or by accident, shall be the loss of the seller,[345] where he has failed to make delivery on demand. 257. If a person re-sell that which has been sold to another, or sell, as sound, a damaged article; [in either case] the fine shall be double the value [of the article sold]. 258. A trader who makes a purchase in ignorance of the rise and fall of prices, must not recede from his bargain; if he do, he shall be fined a sixth [of the price]. 259. Traders who carry on business jointly, for profit, shall share the profits and losses, either in proportion to the capital [brought in by each], or according to the contract between them.[346]