Produced by KD Weeks, Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcriber’s Note: This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects. Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_. Superscripted characters are shown as, e.g., ‘I^{er}’. The single footnote has been placed to follow the paragraph in which it was referenced. There are copious illustrations, which appear here as [Illustration: <caption>], and have been moved slightly to fall on paragraph breaks. Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding the handling of any textual issues encountered during its preparation. [Illustration: Choragic Monument of Lysikrates.] HISTORIC ORNAMENT =Treatise on= DECORATIVE ART AND ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENT _TREATS OF PREHISTORIC ART; ANCIENT ART AND ARCHITECTURE; EASTERN, EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE, SARACENIC, ROMANESQUE, GOTHIC, AND RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE AND ORNAMENT._ BY JAMES WARD AUTHOR OF “THE PRINCIPLES OF ORNAMENT.” * =With Four Hundred and Thirty-Six Illustrations= LONDON: CHAPMAN AND HALL, LIMITED 1909 LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. PREFACE. The comprehensive nature of the subject of this work renders it impossible to deal with its various divisions and sub-divisions, except in a very condensed manner, within the limits of a handbook for students. I have endeavoured to present to the reader, and to the student of ornamental and decorative art, some of the salient features which characterize the historic styles of ornament, and those that seem to me to show themselves as landmarks in the wide domain of Historic Ornament. Realistic decoration was the earliest form of all art, as we find it in the etchings on the bones drawn by the prehistoric cave-dwellers; but ornamental design or pattern drawing is a kind of invention which implies the orderly decoration of architectural forms and other objects, and is generally applied to such objects with the view of adding some enrichment that shall make them more pleasing to the sight.