[68] These facts are taken from the following passages of Castañeda: i. cap. xviii., ii. cap. vi., Quéres; i. cap. xxii, ii. cap. vi., Hemes and Aguas Calientes; ii. cap. iv., Acha; i. cap. xxii., ii. cap. vi., Braba; i. cap. xviii., Cia; ii. cap. v., Ximera; and i. cap. xxii., ii. cap. vi., Yuque-Yunque, perhaps Cuyamunque. [69] Santo Domingo, Cochiti, San Felipe, Santa-Ana, and Cia are the Quéres pueblos near the Rio Grande still remaining. They all then existed in 1598. _Obediencia, etc., á S. Joan Baptista_, p. 113. [70] The Jemez or Emmes, in 1598, contained nine "pueblos," or rather places of habitation. _Obediencia, etc., de Santo Domingo_, p. 102. Niel, p. 99, mentions five. [71] Castañeda, i. cap. xxii. It is unmistakable. Compare Simpson, _Coronado's March_, p. 339. Vetancurt, _Crónica_, etc., p. 319. "Este es el último pueblo hácia el norte." Jean Blaeu, _Géographie_, etc., p. 62. [72] This is equally definite. Castañeda, ii. cap. v. p. 177. "Between Cicuyé and the province of Quirix, there exists a small very well fortified village which the Spaniards have named Ximera, and another one which appears to have been very large." This shows that the Spaniards went from Pecos by the San Cristóbal cañon. [73] To-day Tezuque, Nambé, Santa Clara, San Juan, San Ildefonso, Pojuaque, and, besides, Cuyamunque in ruins. [74] The Piros were totally dispersed during the intertribal wars of 1680-89. Niel, p. 104. Senecu, near Mesilla, is a Piros pueblo, founded by Fray Antonio de Arteaga in 1630. Fray Balthasar de Medina, _Chrónica de la Provincia de S. Diego de México de Religiosos Descalzos de N. S. P. S. Francisco de la Nueva-España_, México, 1682, lib. iv. cap. vii. fol. 168. Vetancurt, _Crónica_, p. 309. It is therefore a Spanish "colony," and not an original pueblo. [75] Castañeda, i. cap. ix., ii. cap. iii. iv. p. 183, vii. p. 188. Fray Marcos de Niza, pp. 274-276, Jaramillo, pp. 368, 369. [76] Antonio Espejo, _Viaje_, etc. Vetancurt, _Crónica_, etc., pp. 302, 303. [77] Vetancurt, _Crónica_, etc., trat. iii. cap. iv. pp. 302, 303-305, cap. vi. pp. 324, 325. [78] Espejo, _Viaje_, etc. [79] _Coronado's March_, pp. 336-339. Don José Cortes, _Memorias sobre las Provincias del Norte de Nueva-España_, 1799. MSS. of the library of Congress, fol. 87. [80] Coronado, Letter of Oct. 20, 1541, p. 354. Castañeda, ii. cap. viii. p. 194, Jaramillo, pp. 376, 377. [81] He went from Santa Fé N.E. and E.N.E., and struck the "Escansaques:" might they have been the "Kansas?" Gerónimo de Zarate Salmeron, _Relacion_, etc., pp. 26, 27. [82] Zarate Salmeron, p. 29. [83] I append a valuable description of these ruins from the Surveyor-General's office at Santa Fé, communicated to me by Mr. D. J. Miller. (See p. 30.)