Most people know a little about the subsequent history of these Italiots. The republic which they founded at Rome transformed itself into an empire that extended its bounds until they were coterminous with the civilized world—an empire of Europe and part of Asia which retained its real authority over men’s persons until the fifth century A.D., and its authority, as an idea, over their minds and actions down to that day at the beginning of the last century when Bonaparte first styled himself “Emperor of the French”. There is, in fact, scarcely a word in our language expressing even remotely the notion of “authority”, which does not come to us from the Latin: _authority_, _chief_, _command_, _control_, _dictator_, _dominion_, _empire_, _government_, _master_, _officer_, _rule_, _subordinate_, are some of them; and it is significant that the two Greek words which we use to express the same idea are _despot_ and _tyrant_. Both these terms have a definite stigma attaching to them, and are employed very much more often by the foes of authority than by her friends. The Greeks were not the nation to establish a world-empire. They would have combined to bury Caesar, not to praise him; and from another point of view the odious _sybarite_ is good proof that they were not the stuff of which colonists are made. The English _lord_ and _king_, on the other hand, retain about them a hint of the possibility of affection. It is a mark of affection when sailors drop the Latin _captain_ and adopt the Dutch _skipper_, just as it is when landsmen substitute for Latin _manager_ the Old High German _boss_. And lastly, when we wish to suggest a peculiar blend of dignity and chill self-consciousness, we use the name of the most remarkable of all the Roman emperors. Rome not only extended her jurisdiction over all Europe; she was responsible for the birth of a new idea in men’s minds—the idea that “authority”, as such, based on an abstraction called “law” and irrespective of real ties of blood or affection, of sympathy or antipathy, of religion or ownership, can exist as a relation between human beings.