The Spanish words in the English language, like the Dutch, are few in
number, but often full of history. Those which came originally from
Arabic—the most interesting of all—will be dealt with in another
chapter. We received them for the most part through the French.
_Alligator_,[18] _chocolate_, _cocoa_, and _tomato_, which come
through Spanish from Mexican, commemorate the Spanish conquest of
Mexico, and the poetic _breeze_ is a sixteenth-century adaptation
of the Spanish ‘briza’, a name for the north-east trade wind in the
Spanish Main. Of the other words which come to us through Spanish
_cannibal_, _hammock_, _hurricane_, _maize_, and _savannah_ are
Caribbean, while _canoe_, _potato_, and _tobacco_ are South American.
_Cannibal_, like the names _West Indies_ and _Indian_ (meaning
‘aboriginal inhabitant of America’), hides a more detailed history.
It was brought back by Christopher Columbus, who believed, when
he reached the islands of the Caribbean Sea, that he had sailed
right round the world, back to the east coast of India. The name
‘Caniba’—a variant of ‘Carib’ or ‘Caribes’—he took as a proof that
the inhabitants were subjects of the Grand Khan of Tartary.
We can see, then, how the new impulse towards travel and exploration
which followed the Renaissance left behind, when it ebbed, many
exotic and exotic-sounding words whose etymologies can tell us not a
little of the nationality of those adventurous mariners who led the
way to the East and to the new world. The Spaniards were not the only
explorers. The Indian words _coolie_ and _curry_ come to us through
Portuguese; _banana_ and _negro_ reached us from Africa, possibly
by the same route; and _cocoanut_ is from the Portuguese ‘coco’, a
bugbear or bogy—alluding to the nut’s monkey-like face. _Drub_—once
used only of the bastinado—is thought to be an Arabic word brought
back by suffering Christians from the Barbary States. _Amuck_,
_bamboo_, and _cockatoo_, come from Malayan through Portuguese,
and _caddy_ (the receptacle) from Malayan direct. _Moccasin_,
_tomahawk_, and _hickory_ are among the words sent back to us by
the seventeenth-century English settlers in North America. _Taboo_,
_tattoo_, and _kangaroo_ came home with Captain Cook from the Pacific.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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