two latter forms being naturally confused with the Cretan Πέργαμος, Pergamos, which, in its turn, is Latinized to Pergamus. In the present book the Greek spelling of Greek names has been adopted in all those cases where the word has not been fully Anglicized; that is to say, changed in _pronunciation_, when it would sound pedantic to employ its original form, as, for instance, to speak of the well-known Pæstum and Lucian as Poseidonia and Loukianos. The English alphabet provides, however, two letters for the Greek κάππα, and the more familiar _c_ has been employed, as in Corinth, acropolis, etc., except in cases where the true sound is not thereby conveyed,--namely, before _e_, _i_, and _y_,--when the _k_ is substituted. Moreover, the final αι is transformed to _æ_, according to the universal usage of our tongue. JOSEPH THACHER CLARKE. CONTENTS. EGYPT. PAGE The Delta. The Oldest Monuments, if not the most Ancient Civilization of the World 1, 2 Changeless Continuity of Life and Art 2 ARCHITECTURE. The Age, Purpose, and Architectural Significance of the Pyramids 3-5 The Pyramids of Gizeh 5-7 Variety of Pyramidal Forms 8, 9 The Pyramids of Saccara, Meydoun, Dashour, Abousere, and Illahoun 9-12 Table of Dimensions 12 The Younger Pyramids of Nubia. Truncated Pyramids 12 Rock-cut Tombs 13 Development of Column from Pier 14 The Tombs at Beni-hassan 14, 15 Development of the Lotos-column 16, 17 The Invasion of the Hycsos. Restriction of the Prismatic Shaft. Extended Application of the Floral Column in the New Theban Empire 18, 19 The Calyx Capital 20, 21 Piers with Figures of Osiris and Typhon. Entablature 21 Cavern Sepulchres 22 Temple Plan, Obelisks 23 Peristyle Court 25 Hypostyle Hall 26, 27 The Dwellings of Kings and Priests 28 Peripteral Temples 29 Rock-cut Temples 30 The Monuments at Abou-Simbel 31, 32 Palatial and Domestic Architecture 33 Interiors 34 The Labyrinth 35 Unimportant Character of Secular Architecture 36 SCULPTURE. Fundamental and Changeless Peculiarities 36 Conventional Types 37 The Formation of the Head 38