Head-dresses. Conjunction of Human Trunks and Animal Heads 39 The Body. Lack of Progressiveness and of History 40 Animal Forms 41 Materials 42 Reliefs 43 Coilanaglyphics 44 The Variety and Interest of the Subjects Illustrated 45 PAINTING. Intimate Relation to Sculpture. Hieroglyphics 46 Painting as an Architectural Decoration. Retrospect 47 CHALDÆA, BABYLONIA, AND ASSYRIA. The Traditional Age. The Land and People 48 Building Materials. Clay and Bitumen 49 Perishable Character of the Monuments. Hills of Rubbish Recognized as Cities 50 ARCHITECTURE. _Chaldæa._ The Ruins of Mugheir, or Ur 50 Warka and Abou-Sharein 51 The Principle of the Arch 52 Political History 53 _Babylon._ The Fabulous Account of Herodotos 54 The Temple Pyramid at Borsippa 56 Palace Structures. The Hanging Gardens of Semiramis 57 Private Dwellings. Works of Engineering 58 _Assyria._ Nineveh 59 The Discoveries of Layard and Botta 60 The Hills of Coyundjic and Nebbi-Jonas 61 Royal Dwellings 62 The Palace at Kisr-Sargon 63-65 Terrace Pyramids 66 Lighting and Roofing 66, 67 The Restriction of Columnar Architecture 68 The Forms of Small Columns 69-71 Vaulted Construction 71 The Pointed Arch 72 The General Appearance of the Palaces 73 Sacred Architecture 74 Terrace Pyramids 75 The Cella 76 The Dwellings of the Priests 77 Altars and Obelisks 78 Domestic Architecture 79, 80 SCULPTURE. Little Represented in Chaldæa 81 Babylonian Seals and Gems 82 Enamelled Tiles 83 Statues 85 Conventional Types 85, 86 Cherubims 87 Mural Reliefs 87-89 Variance from Egyptian Sculpture 90 Historical Reliefs 91-93