PREFACE v INTRODUCTION 1-5 _PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY._ CHAPTER I THE PIONEERS OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 6-27 Definition of the word “Anthropology.” Fundamental conceptions. Race discrimination: in Bushman paintings, in the art of ancient Egypt, Assyria, etc., in Vedic literature. Hippocrates. Aristotle. Vesalius. Spigel. Tyson. Pygmies. Linnæus. Buffon. Blumenbach. Monsters and Wild Men. CHAPTER II. THE SYSTEMATISERS OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 28-49 Craniology: Blumenbach, the founder of Craniology. Camper and the facial angel. Various early craniologists. Retzius and the Cephalic Index. Grattan. Broca. Topinard. De Quatrefages. Virchow. Sergi. Hagen’s and Macalister’s criticisms of craniometry. Anthropometry: White and others. Measurements and observations of living populations: Beddoe. Virchow. Methods of dealing with anthropometrical data: Indices. Averages. Seriations. Curves. Mathematical treatment: Quetelet. Galton. Karl Pearson. Scientific and practical value of anthropometry: In the origin and differentiation of man. Racial history. Heredity. Galton. Miscegenation. The effect of the environment. Test of physical fitness. Identification of criminals. Bertillon. Galton. CHAPTER III. ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONTROVERSIES 50-69 Origin of man. Polygenism and Monogenism. Lawrence. Lord Monboddo. Lamarck. Cuvier. Étienne Saint-Hilaire. Robert Chambers: _Vestiges of Creation_. Herbert Spencer. Darwin: _Origin of Species_. The negro’s place in nature. James Hunt. CHAPTER IV. THE UNFOLDING OF THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 70-78 Fossil man. Cannstadt, Neanderthal, Spy, and other finds. _Homo Heidelbergensis, Homo primigenius, Pithecanthropus erectus._ CHAPTER V. COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY 79-87 Phrenology. Psychical research. Methods and aims of Psychology. Ethnical psychology. Bastian. Folk psychology. Experimental psychology. Eugenics. CHAPTER VI. THE CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAN 88-98 Race description and classification. Bernier. Linnæus. Blumenbach. Other classifications. Pruner Bey. Bory de S. Vincent. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Haeckel. Broca and Topinard. Flower. Deniker. Keane. Man’s place in nature. Huxley. Vogt. _CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY._ CHAPTER VII. ETHNOLOGY: ITS SCOPE AND SOURCES 99-110 Definition. Sources. Herodotus. Lucretius. Strabo. Travellers. Missionaries. Systematic works on Ethnology. Prichard. Other generalisations. Ethnology and the Classics. Ethnology and Political Science.