How long the region embraced in Atchison county has been the home of man is not known, but the finding of a prehistoric human skeleton, computed by the highest anthropological and geological authorities to be at least 10,000 years old, in the adjoining county of Leavenworth, favors the presumption that what is now Atchison county was occupied by man at an equally remote period. Evidences of a very early human existence here have been found at various times. Near Potter, in this county, the writer found deep in the undisturbed gravel and clay, a rude flint implement that unquestionably had been fashioned by prehistoric man, evidently, of what is known as the Paleolithic period. In drilling the well at the power house of the Atchison Street Railway, Light and Power Company, the late T. J. Ingels, of Atchison, encountered at a great depth, several fragments of fossilized bone, intermingled with charcoal, evidently the remains of a very ancient fireplace. About 1880, M. M. Trimmer, an Atchison contractor, in opening a stone quarry at the northeast point of the Branchtown hill, near the confluence of White Clay and Brewery creeks, in Atchison, unexpectedly encountered a pit or excavation, eighty feet long, sixty feet wide, and eighteen feet deep, in the solid rock formation of the hill. The surface of the hill is composed of drift or gravel, and the pit had become filled with this gravel to the original surface, thus obliterating all external evidences of its existence. The lower layer of stone, about six inches thick, had been left for a floor in the pit, and in the northwest corner this lower strata of stone for about four feet square had been removed. Water issued from the ground at this point indicating that a spring or well, or source of water supply, had been located here. A careful examination of the place at the time showed unmistakably that this excavation had been made by human hands at a very early period and was probably used as a fortification or defensive work. Prehistoric excavations of this character, made in the solid rock, are common in Europe, but almost unknown in America, except in the cases of ancient flint and steatite quarries, and the absence of either in the Atchison formation, except an occasional flint nodule, precludes the possibility that this was just an aboriginal quarry. The Smithsonian authorities at Washington pronounced the work worthy of careful study, but unfortunately it was obliterated by the progress of the quarrying. Many weapons and implements of the stone age have been found in the vicinity of this pit.