*** Manetho declares that the people were called Hyksos, from _Syk_, which means "king" in the sacred language, and _sos_, which means "shepherd" in the popular language. As a matter of fact, the word _Hyku_ means "prince "in the classical language of Egypt, or, as Manetho styles it, the _sacred language_, i.e. in the idiom of the old religious, historical, and literary texts, which in later ages the populace no longer understood. Shos, on the contrary, belongs to the spoken language of the later time, and does not occur in the ancient inscriptions, so that Manetho's explanation is valueless; there is but one material fact to be retained from his evidence, and that is the name _Hyk- Shos_ or _Hyku-Shos_ given by its inventors to the alien kings. Cham-pollion and Rosellini were the first to identify these Shos with the Shausu whom they found represented on the monuments, and their opinion, adopted by some, seems to me an extremely plausible one: the Egyptians, at a given moment, bestowed the generic name of Shausu on these strangers, just as they had given those of Amuu and Manatiu. The texts or writers from whom Manetho drew his information evidently mentioned certain kings _hyku_-Shausu; other passages, or, the same passages wrongly interpreted, were applied to the race, and were rendered _hyku_-Shausu = "the _prisoners_ taken from the Shausu," a substantive derived from the root _haka_ = "to take" being substituted for the noun _hyqu_ = "prince." Josephus declares, on the authority of Manetho, that some manuscripts actually suggested this derivation--a fact which is easily explained by the custom of the Egyptian record offices. I may mention, in passing, that Mariette recognised in the element "_Sos_" an Egyptian word _shos_ = "soldiers," and in the name of King Mirmashau, which he read Mirshosu, an equivalent of the title Hyq- Shosu.