History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
The most common, the most solid, and the most convenient injections,
are made of fatty and resinous matter. Volatile oils, balsams, resins
dissolved in alcohol, fats, wax, and the most ordinary fixed oils,
are principally used. These different substances are combined, and
the compositions of them are varied according to the nature of the
injections, which it is desirable to prepare, and above all, according
to the manner which it is proposed to preserve them.
The nature and the preparation of the colouring matters, ought also to
vary according to the kind of fatty medium which is used.
The volatile oils being nearly equally penetrating, turpentine is
generally chosen, because it is cheaper. Nevertheless, for small
objects, the citron, or that of a species of lavender (aspie of the
shops) is preferred, on account of their odour, which are besides
not very expensive. When it is intended to inject only with one of
these oils, which makes a liquid matter extremely penetrating, after
having dissolved a colouring matter previously ground in a fixed oil,
the mixture is slightly heated. This liquor is generally employed to
render perceptible the small vessels of membranes, which are not to be
dissected, but well preserved in their integrity. If it is intended
to inject the large trunk which supplies these membranes towards the
end of the operation, it is necessary to inject a little essence of
varnish, charged with much resin, and before drying the piece, let
it soak a day or two in an aqueous solution of the deuto-chloride of
mercury, according to the process of Chaussier.
The matters with which the volatile oils are to be coloured, should be
previously ground with the greatest care. It is easy to procure those
which are prepared with nut oil, and which are sold in little bladders
to be employed upon palettes.
Colours, thus prepared and intimately amalgamated with fixed oils,
remain much better suspended; the heaviest oxides, even those of lead
and mercury, are not then subject to become deposited.
Resins, dissolved in spirits of wine, are also sold by the pint, all
prepared, under the name of varnish, and in general are not costly.
Those which the anatomist can turn from the ordinary arts to his own
profits, are employed principally in pieces which it is intended to
preserve dry. Perfect success attends the varnish, named in the shops
_fat_, _wood-red_, _à la copale_, and with some others which remain a
long time flexible.
These fluids are difficult to colour; it is necessary, for the first,
to grind the colouring matter with essence, and for the others with
alcohol; and to incorporate them afterwards with varnish after having
slightly heated them. The carmined lakes, thus suspended in fat
varnish, produce absolutely the effect of arterial blood; this colour
preserves very well, and with such like injections it is unnecessary to
colour the surface of the arteries.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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