History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne — John Shaqi
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to SwinburneLang, Andrew
History
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Lang, Andrew
English literature -- History and criticism
The names of the personages show that the poem was one of which we have
other versions, the most intelligible is a Latin form in verse.[4]
The story deals with an adventure, real or romantic, in the wars of
Attila with the Franks. Waldhere, an Aquitanian hostage, brought up
in Attila's court, with his betrothed lady, Hildeguthe, daughter of
the King of the Burgundians, is now keeper of Attila's treasures;
he and his friend Hagen escape; Hagen, who first fled, reached the
court of Guthere, King of the Franks, and hearing there that a lady
and a knight, with a treasure, are wandering about, he recognizes
his friends, and follows them with King Guthere (who mainly wants
the treasure), and with eleven other warriors. Hildeguthe sees them
coming, and Waldhere, who will not give up the treasures, slays the
eleven companions of Guthere, who are chivalrous enough to "set him
man for man," as the Scottish ballad says, in place of overpowering
him by numbers. Hagen, of course, does not want to fight his friend
Waldhere, but Fate, the Anglo-Saxon _Wyrd_, is too strong: Waldhere has
to encounter both Guthere and Hagen, for Hagen is Guthere's man, or
thegn, and may not disobey him; moreover, he _must_ avenge his nephew,
whom Waldhere has already slain. All three men receive terrible wounds,
and then they make friends; and Waldhere keeps both his lady and the
treasure.
This version of the story is more like a later romance than the other
Germanic epics. In these, as in this tale, there is usually a tragic
conflict of passions and duties, as when the law of blood-vengeance
compels a woman to avenge a slain father or brother, or her husband or
her lover. The end is always tragic, but the Latin poet has probably
contrived "a happy ending," while retaining the many good fights, and
the conflict of friendship and duty to a hero's lord, which make the
interest of the story.
In the Anglo-Saxon fragments, Hildeguthe, encouraging, her lover to
fight, praises the swordsmith, the old German hero, Weland, the Tubal
Cain of the race. He made the sword Miming, the best of all swords,
which never fails the fighter. Hildeguthe has never seen Waldhere
flee the fight; now he must not be less noble than himself. The other
fragment is like the dialogues of the heroes in the Iliad before they
come to blows.
The whole of "Waldhere" must have been, when complete, a poem much more
complex, and even more interesting (at least to modern readers) than
"Beowulf". It had "love interest," a brave heroine, good duels, and
the tragic conflict of duties, while it was full of allusions to other
ancient epics of the Germanic peoples.
The Fight at Finnsburg.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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