progress made towards definitive peace—Lacedæmonian reinforcement on its way to Brasidas, prevented from passing through Thessaly.—Incidents in Peloponnesus—the temple of Hêrê near Argos accidentally burnt.—War in Arcadia—battle between Mantineia and Tegea.—Bœotians at peace _de facto_, though not parties to the truce.—Hard treatment of the Thespians by Thebes.—Expiration of the truce for one year. Disposition of both Sparta and Athens at that time towards peace; but peace impossible in consequence of the relations of parties in Thrace.—No actual resumption of hostilities, although the truce had expired, from the month of March to the Pythian festival in August.—Alteration in the language of statesmen at Athens—instances of Kleon and his partisans to obtain a vigorous prosecution of the war in Thrace.—Brasidas—an opponent of peace—his views and motives.—Kleon—an opponent of peace—his views and motives as stated by Thucydidês. Kleon had no personal interest in war.—To prosecute the war vigorously in Thrace was at this time the real political interest of Athens.—Question of peace or war, as it stood between Nikias and Kleon, in March 422 B.C., after the expiration of the truce for one year.—Kleon’s advocacy of war at this moment perfectly defensible—unjust account of his motive given by Thucydidês.—Kleon at this time adhered more closely than any other Athenian public man to the foreign policy of Periklês.—Dispositions of Nikias and the peace-party in reference to the reconquest of Amphipolis.—Kleon conducts an expedition against Amphipolis—he takes Torônê.—He arrives at Eion—sends envoys to invite Macedonian and Thracian auxiliaries.—Dissatisfaction of his own troops with his inaction while waiting for these auxiliaries.—He is forced by these murmurs to make a demonstration—he marches from Eion along the walls of Amphipolis to reconnoitre the top of the hill—apparent quiescence in Amphipolis.—Brasidas, at first on Mount Kerdylium—presently moves into the town across the bridge.—His exhortation to his soldiers.—Kleon tries to effect his retreat.—Brasidas sallies out upon the army in its retreat—the Athenians are completely routed—Brasidas and Kleon both slain.—Profound sorrow in Thrace for the death of Brasidas—funeral honors paid him in Amphipolis.—The Athenian armament, much diminished by its loss in the battle, returns home.—Remarks on the battle of Amphipolis—wherein consisted the faults of Kleon.—Disgraceful conduct of the Athenian hoplites—the defeat of Amphipolis arose partly from political feeling hostile to Kleon.—Important effect of the death of Brasidas, in reference to the prospects of the war—his admirable character and efficiency.—Feelings of Thucydidês towards Brasidas and Kleon.—Character of Kleon—his foreign policy. Internal policy of Kleon as a citizen in constitutional life.—Picture