Names of known places I have in all instances tried to leave as they are usually spelt, and are found on maps. I have, for instance, left Oudeypore, the capital of the Rajput state, spelt as Tod and others always spelt it, but, to prevent the two places being confounded, have taken the liberty of spelling the name of a small unknown village, where there is a temple, Udaipur--though I believe the names are the same. I have tried, in short, to accommodate my spelling as nearly as possible to the present state of knowledge or ignorance of the English public, without much reference to scientific precision, as I feel sure that by this means the nomenclature may become much less repulsive than it too generally must be to the ordinary English student of Indian history and art. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION Page 3 BOOK I. BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE. CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION 47 II. STAMBHAS OR LÂTS 52 III. STUPAS--Bhilsa Topes--Topes at Sarnath and in Behar--Amravati Tope--Gandhara Topes--Jelalabad Topes--Manikyala Tope 57 IV. RAILS--Rails at Bharhut, Muttra Sanchi, and Amravati 84 V. CHAITYA HALLS--Behar Caves--Western Chaitya Halls, &c. 105 VI. VIHARAS OR MONASTERIES--Structural Viharas--Bengal and Western Vihara Caves--Nassick, Ajunta, Bagh, Dhumnar, Kholvi, and Ellora Viharas--Circular Cave at Junir 133 VII. GANDHARA MONASTERIES--Monasteries at Jamalgiri, Takht-i-Bahi, and Shah Dehri 169 VIII. CEYLON--Introductory--Anuradhapura--Pollonarua 185 BOOK II. JAINA ARCHITECTURE. I. INTRODUCTORY 207 II. CONSTRUCTION--Arches--Domes--Plans--Sikras 210 III. NORTHERN JAINA STYLE--Palitana--Girnar--Mount Abu--Parisnath--Gualior--Khajurâho 226 IV. MODERN JAINA STYLE--Jaina Temple, Delhi--Jaina Caves--Converted Mosques 255 V. JAINA STYLE IN SOUTHERN INDIA--Bettus--Bastis 265 BOOK III. ARCHITECTURE IN THE HIMALAYAS. I. KASHMIR--Temples--Marttand--Avantipore--Bhaniyar 279 II. NEPAL--Stupas or Chaityas--Wooden Temples--Thibet--Temples at Kangra 298 BOOK IV. DRAVIDIAN STYLE. I. INTRODUCTORY 319 II. DRAVIDIAN ROCK-CUT TEMPLES--Mahavellipore--Kylas, Ellora 326