29 The Roman Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain 36 30 Mosaic from Floor of Baths of Caracalla 37 31 Ruins of the Baths of Caracalla, Rome 38 32 Interior of the Frigidarium, Caracalla 39 33 Outer Row of Baths, Caracalla, Rome 41 34 Thermæ of Titus at Rome 46 35 Clipeus. From an old woodcut 46 36 Floor Plan of the Baths of Pompeii 47 37 Frigidarium. From an old woodcut 48 38 Atlantes 50 39 Coppers for Heating Water in Roman Baths 52 40 Ground Plan of Thermæ of Caracalla 55 41 Hypocaust for Heating Water, Thermæ of Caracalla 57 42 Restoration of Thermæ of Titus. (Restored by Leclerc) 58 43 Plan of the Thermæ of Titus, Rome. (Restored by Leclerc) 59 44 Sectional Elevation, Thermæ of Titus, Rome 60 45 Frigidarium, Thermæ of Caracalla, Rome. (Restored by Viollet-le-Duc.) 61 46 Interior View of Aqueduct, Lisbon, Portugal 62 47 Destroyed Lead Font, Great Plumstead, Norfolk 64 48 Leaden Cup, of the time of Vespasian 65 49 Lead Pipehead and Pipe 66 50 Lead Cistern with the Arms of the Fishmongers' Company 67 51 Car of Juggernaut 68 52 Distant View of Zempoala Aqueduct, Queretaro, Mexico 70 53 Near View of Zempoala Aqueduct, Mexico 71 54 Zempoala Aqueduct. From an old print 72 55 The Oldest Bathroom in the World 76 56 Savery's Engine 77 57 Newcomen's Engine 78 58 Pump House, Philadelphia 79 59 Wooden Boilers used in Philadelphia Water Supply 80 60 Bored-out Log Pipe, used in British Columbia 81 61 Valve for Wooden Pipes used in Philadelphia Water Supply 82 62 Hydrant for Wooden Pipes used in Philadelphia Water Supply 82 63 Modern Vertical Triple-Expansion Pumping Engine 83 64 Aqueduct Crossing the Alcantara Valley 84 65 Bathing and Burning Hindu Dead at Benares 90 66 Map Showing Relation of Cholera and the Broad Street Pump 92 67 York Survey of the Broad Street Pump 101 68 The Fountain of Elisha 108 69 Map Showing Location of Cases of Cholera in Hamburg and Altona 110 70 New York Public Baths 118 71 Bathroom of the Early Seventies 119 72 One Stage in the Evolution of the Porcelain Enameled Bath 120 73 A Slop Sink of Long Ago 120 74 Bath Tub Encased in Woodwork 121 75 An Old Marble-Top Lavatory 121 76 A Modern Porcelain Enameled Lavatory 122 77 Present Stage in the Evolution of Porcelain Enameled Baths 123 78 A Twentieth Century Bathroom 124 [Illustration: LAOCOÖN AND HIS SONS STATVARY FOVND IN THE BATHS OF TITVS This group of statuary is now in the Vatican, Rome] [Illustration: History of Sanitation: CHAPTER I] SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER. Sanitation of Primitive Man—Early Wells—Rebekah at the Well—Joseph's Well—The Rancho Chack.